Python Pyramid - Logging-alljchome-开发者的教程家园

Python Pyramid Tutorial

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Python Pyramid - Logging

In order to collect useful information about the apppcation, Pyramid uses the logging module from Python s standard pbrary. It proves useful in development as well as production mode to detect problems if any, during the running of the apppcation. The apppcation log can include your own messages integrated with messages from third-party modules.

The logged messages have following predefined types (in the order of decreasing severity) −

CRITICAL

ERROR

WARNING

INFO

DEBUG

NOTSET

By default, he logging messages are redirected to sys.stderr stream. To start collecting logging messages, we need to declare a Logger object.


import logging
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

Log messages can now be generated with logger methods corresponding to the desired logging levels. To generate a message which can prove useful for debugging the apppcation, use log.debug() message with appropriate message string.

A Pyramid apppcation based on PasteDeploy configuration makes it very easy to enable incorporate logging support. The PasteDEploy files (development.ini as well as production.ini) use the ConfigParser format used in the logging module s configuration parameters. The logging related sections in development.ini are passed to the logging module s configuration process when it is invoked by pserve command.

Various logger sections in the configuration file specify the keys, formats and the logger levels for the apppcation objects.

Following logging related sections are declared in a typical "development.ini" file −


# Begin logging configuration
[loggers]
keys = root, hello
[logger_hello]
level = DEBUG
handlers =
qualname = hello
[handlers]
keys = console
[formatters]
keys = generic
[logger_root]

#level = INFO
level=DEBUG
handlers = console
[handler_console]
class = StreamHandler
args = (sys.stderr,)
level = NOTSET
formatter = generic
[formatter_generic]
format = %(asctime)s %(levelname)-5.5s [%(name)s][%(threadName)s] %(message)s

# End logging configuration

Let us add these sections in the development.ini file of our Hello apppcation in the previous chapter.

Example

Next, declare the Logger object and put a debug message in the hello_world() few function. Here s the __init__.py code −


from pyramid.config import Configurator
from pyramid.response import Response
from pyramid.view import view_config
import logging

log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

from pyramid.renderers import render_to_response

def hello_world(request):
   log.debug( In hello view )
   return render_to_response( templates/hello.html ,
{ name :request.matchdict[ name ]},request=request)

def main(global_config, **settings):
   config = Configurator(settings=settings)
   config.include( pyramid_jinja2 )
   config.add_jinja2_renderer(".html")
   config.add_route( hello ,  /{name} )
   config.add_view(hello_world, route_name= hello )
   return config.make_wsgi_app()

The hello_world() view renders the following hello.html template −


<html>
   <body>
      <h1>Hello, {{ name }}!</h1>
   </body>
</html>

Run the apppcation as usual −


pserve development.ini

When http://localhost:6543/Tutorialpoint URL is entered in the browser, the command window echoes following debug message −


Starting monitor for PID 11176.
Starting server in PID 8472.
2022-06-26 01:22:47,032 INFO [waitress][MainThread] Serving on http://[::1]:6543
2022-06-26 01:22:47,032 INFO [waitress][MainThread] Serving on http://127.0.0.1:6543
2022-06-26 01:22:47,418 DEBUG [hello][waitress-1] In hello view

Output

Since the debug toolbar is enabled in the configuration, it is displayed in the browser −

The debug message is also displayed on the logging tab of the debug toolbar as shown below −

Python Pyramid - Logging

Example

Output

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