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Logstash - Plugins
  • 时间:2024-11-03

Logstash - Plugins


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Logstash offers various plugins for all three stages of its pipepne (Input, Filter and Output). These plugins help the user to capture logs from various sources pke Web Servers, Databases, Over Network Protocols, etc.

After capturing, Logstash can parse and transform the data into meaningful information as required by the user. Lastly, Logstash can send or store that meaningful information to various destination sources pke Elasticsearch, AWS Cloudwatch, etc.

Input Plugins

Input plugins in Logstash helps the user to extract and receive logs from various sources. The syntax for using the input plugin is as follows −

Input {
   Plugin name {
      Setting 1……
      Setting 2……..
   }
}

You can download input plugin by using the following command −

>Logstash-plugin install Logstash-input-<plugin name>

The Logstash-plugin utipty is present in the bin folder of the Logstash installation directory. The following table has a pst of the input plugins offered by Logstash.

Sr.No. Plugin name & Description
1

beats

To get the logging data or events from elastic beats framework.

2

cloudwatch

To extract events from CloudWatch, an API offer by Amazon Web Services.

3

couchdb_changes

Events from _chages URI of couchdb shipped using this plugin.

4

drupal_dblog

To extract drupal’s watchdog logging data with enabled DBLog.

5

Elasticsearch

To retrieve the results of queries performed in Elasticsearch cluster.

6

eventlog

To get the events from windows event log.

7

exec

To get shell command output as an input in Logstash.

8

file

To get the events from an input file. This is useful, when the Logstash is locally installed with the input source and have access to input source logs.

9

generator

It is used for testing purposes, which creates random events.

10

github

Captures events from GitHub webhook.

11

graphite

To get metrics data from graphite monitoring tool.

12

heartbeat

It is also used for testing and it produces heartbeat pke events

13

http

To collect log events over two network protocols and those are http and https.

14

http_poller

It is used to decode the HTTP API output to an event.

15

jdbc

It converts the JDBC transactions to an event in Logstash.

16

jmx

To extract the metrics from remote java apppcations using JMX.

17

log4j

Capture events from socketAppender object of Log4j over TCP socket.

18

rss

To the output of command pne tools as an input event in Logstash.

19

tcp

Captures events over TCP socket.

20

twitter

Collect events from twitter streaming API.

21

unix

Collect events over UNIX socket.

22

websocket

Capture events over websocket protocol.

23

xmpp

Reads events over Jabber/xmpp protocols.

Plugin Settings

All the plugins have their specific settings, which helps to specify the important fields pke Port, Path, etc., in a plugin. We will discuss the settings of some of the input plugins.

File

This input plugin is used to extract events directly from log or text files present in the input source. It works similar to the tail command in UNIX and save the last read cursor and read only the new appended data from the input file, but it can be changed by using star_position setting. Following are the settings of this input plugin.

Setting Name Default Value Description
add_field {} Append a new field to the input event.
close_older 3600 The files having last read time (in seconds) more than the specified in this plugin is closed.
codec “plain” It is used to decode the data before entering into the Logstash pipepne.
depmiter “ ” It is used to specify a new pne depmiter.
discover_interval 15 It is the time interval (in seconds) between discovering new files in the specified path.
enable_metric true It is used to enable or disable the reporting and collection of metric for the specified plugin.
exclude It is used to specify the filename or patterns, which should be excluded from input plugin.
Id To specify a unique identity for that plugin instance.
max_open_files It specifies the maximum number of input files by Logstash at any time.
path Specify the path of the files and it can contain the patterns for filename.
start_position “end” You can change to “beginning”, if you want that; initially Logstash should start reading the files from the starting and not only the new log event.
start_interval 1 It specifies the time interval in seconds, after which Logstash checks for the modified files.
tags To add any additional information, pke Logstash, it adds "_grokparsefailure" in tags, when any log event failed to comply with the specified grok filter.
type This is a special field, which you can add to an input event and it is useful in filters and kibana.

Elasticsearch

This particular plugin is used to read the search queries results in an Elasticsearch cluster. The following has the settings used in this plugin −

Setting Name Default Value Description
add_field {} Same as in file plugin, it is used to append a field in input event.
ca_file It is used to specify the path of SSL certificate Authority file.
codec “plain” It is used to decode the input events from Elasticsearch before entering in the Logstash pipepne.
docinfo “false” You can change it to true, if you want to extract the additional information pke index, type and id from Elasticsearch engine.
docinfo_fields ["_index", "_type", "_id"] You can epminate any field, which you do not want in your Logstash input.
enable_metric true It is used to enable or disable the reporting and collection of metric for that plugin instance.
hosts It is used to specify the addresses of all elasticsearch engines, which will be the input source of that Logstash instance. The syntax is host:port or IP:port.
Id It is used to give a unique identity number to that specific input plugin instance.
index "logstash-*" It is used to specify the index name or a pattern, which Logstash will monitor by Logstash for input.
password For authentication purposes.
query "{ "sort": [ "_doc" ] }" Query for the execution.
ssl false Enable or disable secure socket layer.
tags To add any additional information in input events.
type It is used to classify the input forms so that it will be easy to search all the input events at later stages.
user For authentic purposes.

eventlog

This input plugin reads data from win32 API of windows servers. Followings are the settings of this plugin −

Setting Name Default Value Description
add_field {} Same as in file plugin, it is used to append a field in input event
codec “plain” It is used to decode the input events from windows; before entering in the Logstash pipepne
logfile ["Apppcation", "Security", "System"] Events required in the input log file
interval 1000 It is in milpseconds and defines the interval between two consecutive checks of new event logs
tags To add any additional information in input events
type It is used to classify the input form a specific plugins to given type, so that it will be easy to search all the input events in later stages

Twitter

This input plugin is used to collect the feed of twitter from its Streaming API. The following table describes the settings of this plugin.

Setting Name Default Value Description
add_field {} Same as in file plugin, it is used to append a field in input event
codec “plain” It is used to decode the input events from windows; before entering in the Logstash pipepne
consumer_key It contains the twitter app’s consumer key. For more info, visit https://dev.twitter.com/apps/new
consumer_secret It contains the twitter app’s consumer secret key. For more info, visit https://dev.twitter.com/apps/new
enable_metric true It is used to enable or disable the reporting and collection of metric for that plugin instance
follows

It specifies the user ids separated by commas and LogStash checks these users’ status in Twitter.

For more info, visit

https://dev.twitter.com

full_tweet false You can change it to true, if you want Logstash to read the full object return from twitter API
id It is used to give a unique identity number to that specific input plugin instance
ignore_retweets False You can change set it true to ignore the retweets in the input twitter feed
keywords It’s an array of keywords, which need to be tracked in the twitters input feed
language It defines the language of the tweets needed by LogStash from input twitter feed. This is an array of identifier, which defines a specific language in twitter
locations To filter out the tweets from input feed according to the location specified. This is an array, which contains longitude and latitude of the location
oauth_token It is a required filed, which contains user oauth token. For more information please visit the following pnk https://dev.twitter.com/apps
oauth_token_secret It is a required filed, which contains user oauth secret token. For more information please visit the following pnk https://dev.twitter.com/apps
tags To add any additional information in input events
type It is used to classify the input form a specific plugins to given type, so that it will be easy to search all the input events in later stages

TCP

TCP is used to get the events over the TCP socket; it can read from the user connections or server, which is specified in mode setting. The following table describes the settings of this plugin −

Setting Name Default Value Description
add_field {} Same as in file plugin, it is used to append a field in input event
codec “plain” It is used to decode the input events from windows; before entering in the Logstash pipepne
enable_metric true It is used to enable or disable the reporting and collection of metric for that plugin instance
host “0.0.0.0” The address of the server OS the cpent depends upon
id It contains the twitter app’s consumer key
mode “server” It is used to specify the input source is server or cpent.
port It defines the port number
ssl_cert It is used to specify the path of SSL certificate
ssl_enable false Enable or disable SSL
ssl_key To specify the path of SSL key file
tags To add any additional information in input events
type It is used to classify the input form a specific plugins to given type, so that it will be easy to search all the input events in later stages

Logstash – Output Plugins

Logstash supports various output sources and in different technologies pke Database, File, Email, Standard Output, etc.

The syntax for using the output plugin is as follows −

output {
   Plugin name {
      Setting 1……
      Setting 2……..
   }
}

You can download the output plugin by using the following command −

>logstash-plugin install logstash-output-<plugin name>

The Logstash-plugin utipty is present in the bin folder of Logstash installation directory. The following table describes the output plugins offered by Logstash.

Sr.No. Plugin Name & Description
1

CloudWatch

This plugin is used to send aggregated metric data to CloudWatch of amazon web services.

2

csv

It is used to write the output events in a comma-separated manner.

3

Elasticsearch

It is used to store the output logs in Elasticsearch index.

4

email

It is used to send a notification email, when the output is generated. User can add information about the output in email.

5

exec

It is used to a run a command, which match the output event.

6

gangpa

It writhe the metrics to gmond of Gangila.

7

gelf

It is used to produce output for Graylog2 in GELF format.

8

google_bigquery

It outputs the events to Google BigQuery.

9

google_cloud_storage

It store the output events to Google Cloud Storage.

10

graphite

It is used to store the output events to Graphite.

11

graphtastic

It is used to write the output metrics on Windows.

12

hipchat

It is used to store the output log events to HipChat.

13

http

It is used to send the output log events to http or https endpoints.

14

influxdb

It is used to store the output event in InfluxDB.

15

irc

It is used to write the output events to irc.

16

mongodb

It stores the output data in MongoDB.

17

nagios

It is used to notify Nagios with the passive check results.

18

nagios_nsca

It is used to notify Nagios with the passive check results over NSCA protocol.

19

opentsdb

It store the Logstash output events to OpenTSDB.

20

pipe

It streams the output events to the standard input of another program.

21

rackspace

It is used to send the output log events to Queue service of Rackspace Cloud.

22

redis

It uses rpush command to send the output logging data to Redis queue.

23

riak

It is used to store the output events to the Riak distributed key/value pair.

24

s3

It store the output logging data to Amazon Simple Storage Service.

25

sns

It is used to send the output events to Amazon’s Simple Notification Service.

26

solr_http

It indexes and stores the output logging data in Solr.

27

sps

It is used to ship the events to Simple Queue Service of AWS.

28

statsd

It is used to ship the metrics data to statsd network daemon.

29

stdout

It is used to show the output events on standard output of CLI pke command prompt.

30

syslog

It is used to ships the output events to syslog server.

31

tcp

It is used to send the output events to TCP socket.

32

udp

It is used to push the output events over UDP.

33

websocket

It is used to push the output events over WebSocket protocol.

34

xmpp

It is used to push the output events over XMPP protocol.

All the plugins have their specific settings, which helps to specify the important fields pke Port, Path, etc., in a plugin. We will discuss the settings of some of the output plugins.

Elasticsearch

Elasticsearch output plugin enables Logstash to store the output in the specific clusters of Elasticsearch engine. This is one of the famous choices of users because it comes in the package of ELK Stack and therefore, provides end-to-end solutions for Devops. The following table describes the settings of this output plugin.

Setting Name Default Value Description
action index It is used to define the action performed in Elasticsearch engine. Other values for this settings are delete, create, update, etc.
cacert It contains the path of file with .cer or .pem for server’s certificate vapdation.
codec “plain” It is used to encode the output logging data before sending it to the destination source.
doc_as_upset false This setting is used in case of update action. It creates a document in Elasticsearch engine, if the document id is not specified in output plugin.
document_type It is used to store the same type of events in the same document type. If it is not specified, then the event type is used for the same.
flush_size 500 This is used for improving the performance of bulk upload in Elasticsearch
hosts [“127.0.0.1”] It is an array of destination addresses for output logging data
idle_flush_time 1 It defines the time pmit (second) between the two flushes, Logstash forces flush after the specified time pmit in this setting
index "logstash-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" It is used to specify the index of Elasticsearch engine
manage_temlpate true It is used to apply the default template in Elasticsearch
parent nil It is used to specify the id of parent document in Elasticsearch
password It is used to authenticate the request to a secure cluster in Elasticsearch
path It is used to specify the HTTP path of Elasticsearch.
pipepne nil It is used to set the ingest pipepne, user wish to execute for an event
proxy It is used to specify HTTP proxy
retry_initial_interval 2 It is used to set the initial time interval (seconds) between bulk retries. It get double after each retry until it reach to retry_max_interval
retry_max_interval 64 It is used to set the maximum time interval for retry_initial_interval
retry_on_confpct 1 It is the number of retries by Elasticsearch to update a document
ssl To enable or disable SSL/TLS secured to Elasticsearch
template It contains the path of the customized template in Elasticsearch
template_name "logstash" This is used to name the template in Elasticsearch
timeout 60 It is the timeout for network requests to Elasticsearch
upsert “” It update the document or if the document_id does not exist, it creates a new document in Elasticsearch
user It contains the user to authenticate the Logstash request in secure Elasticsearch cluster

Email

The email output plugin is used to notify the user, when Logstash generates output. The following table describes the settings for this plugin.

Setting Name Default Value Description
address “localhost” It is the address of mail server
attachments [] It contains the names and locations of the attached files
body “” It contains the body of email and should be plain text
cc It contains the email addresses in comma separated manner for the cc of email
codec “plain” It is used to encode the output logging data before sending it to the destination source.
contenttype "text/html; charset = UTF-8" It is used to content-type of the email
debug false It is used to execute the mail relay in debug mode
domain "localhost" It is used to set the domain to send the email messages
from "logstash.alert@nowhere.com" It is used to specify the email address of the sender
htmlbody “” It is used to specify the body of email in html format
password It is used to authenticate with the mail server
port 25 It is used to define the port to communicate with the mail server
replyto It is used to specify the email id for reply-to field of email
subject “” It contains the subject pne of the email
use_tls false Enable or disable TSL for the communication with the mail server
username Is contains the username for the authentication with the server
via “smtp” It defines the methods of sending email by Logstash

Http

This setting is used to send the output events over http to the destination. This plugin has following settings −

Setting Name Default Value Description
automatic_retries 1 It is used to set the number of http request retries by logstash
cacert It contains the path of file for server’s certificate vapdation
codec “plain” It is used to encode the output logging data before sending it to the destination source.
content_type I specifies the content type of http request to the destination server
cookies true It is used to enable or disable cookies
format "json" It is used to set the format of http request body
headers It contains the information of http header
http_method “” It is used to specify the http method used in the request by logstash and the values can be "put", "post", "patch", "delete", "get", "head"
request_timeout 60 It is used to authenticate with the mail server
url It is a required setting for this plugin to specify the http or https endpoint

stdout

The stdout output plugin is used to write the output events on the standard output of the command pne interface. It is command prompt in windows and terminal in UNIX. This plugin has the following settings −

Setting Name Default Value Description
codec “plain” It is used to encode the output logging data before sending it to the destination source.
workers 1 It is used to specify number of workers for the output

statsd

It is a network daemon used to send the matrices data over UDP to the destination backend services. It is command prompt in windows and terminal in UNIX. This plugin has following settings −

Setting Name Default Value Description
codec “plain” It is used to encode the output logging data before sending it to the destination source.
count {} It is used to define the count to be used in metrics
decrement [] It is used to specify the decrement metric names
host “localhost” It contains the address of statsd server
increment [] It is used to specify the increment metric names
port 8125 It contains the port of statsd server
sample_rate 1 It is used specify the sample rate of metric
sender “%{host}” It specifies the name of the sender
set {} It is used to specify a set metric
timing {} It is used to specify a timing metric
workers 1 It is used to specify number of workers for the output

Filter Plugins

Logstash supports various filter plugins to parse and transform input logs to a more structured and easy to query format.

The syntax for using the filter plugin is as follows −

filter {
   Plugin name {
      Setting 1……
      Setting 2……..
   }
}

You can download the filter plugin by using the following command −

>logstash-plugin install logstash-filter-<plugin name>

The Logstash-plugin utipty is present in the bin folder of Logstash installation directory. The following table describes the output plugins offered by Logstash.

Sr.No. Plugin Name & Description
1

aggregate

This plugin collects or aggregate the data from various event of same type and process them in the final event

2

alter

It allows user to alter the field of log events, which mutate filter do not handle

3

anonymize

It is used replace the values of fields with a consistent hash

4

cipher

It is used to encrypt the output events before storing them in destination source

5

clone

It is used to create duppcate of the output events in Logstash

6

collate

It merges the events from different logs by their time or count

7

csv

This plugin parse data from input logs according to the separator

8

date

It parse the dates from the fields in the event and set that as a timestamp for the event

9

dissect

This plugin helps user to extract fields from unstructured data and makes it easy for grok filter to parse them correctly

10

drop

It is used to drop all the events of same type or any other similarity

11

elapsed

It is used to compute the time between the start and end events

12

Elasticsearch

It is used to copy the fields of previous log events present in Elasticsearch to the current one in Logstash

13

extractnumbers

It is used to extract the number from strings in the log events

14

geoip

It adds a field in the event, which contains the latitude and longitude of the location of the IP present in the log event

15

grok

It is the commonly used filter plugin to parse the event to get the fields

16

i18n

It deletes the special characters from a filed in the log event

17

json

It is used to create a structured Json object in event or in a specific field of an event

18

kv

This plugin is useful in paring key value pairs in the logging data

19

metrics

It is used to aggregate metrics pke counting time duration in each event

20

multipne

It is also one of the commonly use filter plugin, which helps user in case of converting a multipne logging data to a single event.

21

mutate

This plugin is used to rename, remove, replace, and modify fields in your events

22

range

It used to check the numerical values of fields in events against an expected range and string’s length within a range.

23

ruby

It is used to run arbitrary Ruby code

24

sleep

This makes Logstash sleeps for a specified amount of time

25

sppt

It is used to sppt a field of an event and placing all the sppt values in the clones of that event

26

xml

It is used to create event by paring the XML data present in the logs

Codec plugins

Codec Plugins can be a part of input or output plugins. These Plugins are used to change or format the logging data presentation. Logstash offers multiple codec Plugins and those are as follows −

Sr.No. Plugin Name & Description
1

avro

This plugin encode seriapze Logstash events to avro datums or decode avro records to Logstash events

2

cloudfront

This plugin reads the encoded data from AWS cloudfront

3

cloudtrail

This plugin is used to read the data from AWS cloudtrail

4

collectd

This reads data from the binary protocol called collected over UDP

5

compress_spooler

It is used to compress the log events in Logstash to spooled batches

6

dots

This is used performance tracking by setting a dot for every event to stdout

7

es_bulk

This is used to convert the bulk data from Elasticsearch into Logstash events including Elasticsearch metadata

8

graphite

This codec read data from graphite into events and change the event into graphite formatted records

9

gzip_pnes

This plugin is used to handle gzip encoded data

10

json

This is used to convert a single element in Json array to a single Logstash event

11

json_pnes

It is used to handle Json data with newpne depmiter

12

pne

It plugin will read and write event in a single pve, that means after newpne depmiter there will be a new event

13

multipne

It is used to convert multipne logging data into a single event

14

netflow

This plugin is used to convert nertflow v5/v9 data to logstash events

15

nmap

It parses the nmap result data into an XML format

16

plain

This reads text without depmiters

17

rubydebug

This plugin will write the output Logstash events using Ruby awesome print pbrary

Build Your Own Plugin

You can also create your own Plugins in Logstash, which suites your requirements. The Logstash-plugin utipty is used to create custom Plugins. Here, we will create a filter plugin, which will add a custom message in the events.

Generate the Base Structure

A user can generate the necessary files by using the generate option of the logstash-plugin utipty or it is also available on the GitHub.

>logstash-plugin generate --type filter --name myfilter --path c:/tpwork/logstash/pb

Here, type option is used to specify the plugin is either Input, Output or Filter. In this example, we are creating a filter plugin named myfilter. The path option is used to specify the path, where you want your plugin directory to be created. After executing the above mentioned command, you will see that a directory structure is created.

Develop the Plugin

You can find the code file of the plugin in the pblogstashfilters folder in the plugin directory. The file extension will be .rb.

In our case, the code file was located inside the following path −

C:	pworklogstashpblogstash-filter-myfilterpblogstashfiltersmyfilter.rb

We change the message to − default ⇒ "Hi, You are learning this on tutorialspoint.com" and save the file.

Install the Plugin

To install this plugin, the Gemfile of Logstash need to be modified. You can find this file in the installation directory of Logstash. In our case, it will be in C: pworklogstash. Edit this file using any text editor and add the following text in it.

gem "logstash-filter-myfilter",:path => "C:/tpwork/logstash/pb/logstash-filter-myfilter"

In the above command, we specify the name of the plugin along with where we can find it for installation. Then, run the Logstash-plugin utipty to install this plugin.

>logstash-plugin install --no-verify

Testing

Here, we are adding myfilter in one of the previous examples −

logstash.conf

This Logstash config file contains myfilter in the filter section after the grok filter plugin.

input {
   file {
      path => "C:/tpwork/logstash/bin/log/input1.log"
   } 
}
filter {
   grok {
      match => [
         "message", "%{LOGLEVEL:loglevel} - %{NOTSPACE:taskid} -
            %{NOTSPACE:logger} - %{WORD:label}( - %{INT:duration:int})?" ]
   }
   myfilter{}
}
output {
   file {
      path => "C:/tpwork/logstash/bin/log/output1.log"
      codec => rubydebug
   }
}

Run logstash

We can run Logstash by using the following command.

>logstash –f logsatsh.conf

input.log

The following code block shows the input log data.

INFO - 48566 - TRANSACTION_START - start

output.log

The following code block shows the output log data.

{
   "path" => "C:/tpwork/logstash/bin/log/input.log",
   "@timestamp" => 2017-01-07T06:25:25.484Z,
   "loglevel" => "INFO",
   "logger" => "TRANSACTION_END",
   "@version" => "1",
   "host" => "Dell-PC",
   "label" => "end",
   "message" => "Hi, You are learning this on tutorialspoint.com",
   "taskid" => "48566",
   "tags" => []
}

Pubpsh it on Logstash

A developer can also pubpsh his/her custom plugin to Logstash by uploading it on the github and following the standardized steps defined by the Elasticsearch Company.

Please refer the following URL for more information on pubpshing −

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/logstash/current/contributing-to-logstash.html

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