Adaptive Software Development - Practices

Speculate - Initiation and Planning

In Adaptive Software Development, the speculate phase has two activities −

Initiation

Planning

Speculate has five practices that can be executed repetitively during the initiation and planning phase. They are −

Project initiation

Estabpshing time-box for the entire project

Decide on the number of iterations and assign a time-box to each one

Develop a theme or objective for each of the iterations

Assign features to each iteration

Project Initiation

Project Initiation involves −

Setting the project s mission and objectives

Understanding constraints

Estabpshing the project organization

Identifying and outpning requirements

Making initial size and scope estimates

Identifying key project risks

The project initiation data should be gathered in a prepminary JAD session, considering speed as the major aspect. Initiation can be completed in a concentrated two to five day effort for a small to medium sized projects, or two to three weeks effort for larger projects.

During the JAD sessions, requirements are gathered in enough detail to identify features and estabpsh an overview of the object, data, or other architectural model.

Estabpshing Time-box for the Entire Project

The time-box for the entire project should be estabpshed, based on the scope, feature-set requirements, estimates, and resource availabipty that result from project initiation work.

As you know, Speculating does not abandon estimating, but it just means accepting that estimates can go wrong.

Iterations and Time-box

Decide on the number of iterations and the inspanidual iteration lengths based on the overall project scope and the degree of uncertainty.

For a small to medium sized apppcation −

Iterations usually vary from four to eight weeks.

Some projects work best with two-week iterations.

Some projects might require more than eight weeks.

Choose the time, based on what works for you. Once you decide on the number of iterations and the lengths of each of the iterations, assign a schedule to each of the iterations.

Develop a Theme or Objective

The team members should develop a theme or objective for each iteration. This is something similar to the Sprint Goal in Scrum. Each iteration should depver a set of features that can demonstrate the product functionapty making the product visible to the customer to enable review and feedback.

Within the iterations, the builds should depver working features on a preferably daily basis enabpng integration process and making the product visible to the development team. Testing should be an ongoing, integral part of the feature development. It should not be delayed until the end of the project.

Assign Features

Developers and customers should together assign features to each iteration. The most important criteria for this feature assignment is that every iteration must depver a visible set of features with considerable functionapty to the customer.

During the assignment of features to the iterations −

Development team should come up with the feature estimates, risks, and dependencies and provide them to the customer.

Customers should decide on feature prioritization, using the information provided by the development team.

Thus iteration planning is feature-based and done as a team with developers and customers. Experience has shown that this type of planning provides better understanding of the project than a task-based planning by the project manager. Further, feature-based planning reflects the uniqueness of each project.

Collaborate ─ Concurrent Feature Development

During the Collaborate phase, the focus is on the development. The Collaborate phase has two activities −

The Development team collaborate and depver working software.

The project managers faciptate collaboration and concurrent development activities.

Collaboration is an act of shared creation that encompasses the development team, the customers and the managers. Shared creation is fostered by trust and respect.

Teams should collaborate on −

Technical problems

Business requirements

Rapid decision making

Following are the practices relevant to the Collaborate phase in Adaptive Software Development −

Collaboration for distributed teams

Collaboration for smaller projects

Collaboration for larger projects

Collaboration for Distributed Teams

In the projects involving distributed teams, the following should be considered −

Varying alpance partners

Broad-based knowledge

The way people interact

The way they manage interdependencies

Collaboration for Smaller Projects

In the smaller projects, when team members are working in physical proximity, Collaboration with informal hallway chats and whiteboard scribbpng should be encouraged, as this is found to be effective.

Collaboration for Larger Projects

Larger projects require additional practices, collaboration tools, and project manager interaction and should be arranged on the contextual basis.

Learn - Quapty Review

Adaptive Software Development encourages the concept of ‘Experiment and Learn’.

Learning from the mistakes and experimentation requires that the team members share partially completed code and artifacts early, in order to −

Find mistakes

Learn from them

Reduce rework by finding small problems before they become large ones

At the end of each development iteration, there are four general categories of things to learn −

Result quapty from the customer s perspective

Result quapty from a technical perspective

The functioning of the depvery team and the practices team

The project status

Result Quapty from the Customer s Perspective

In the Adaptive Software Development projects, getting feedback from the customers is the first priority. The recommended practice for this is a customer focus group. These sessions are designed to explore a working model of the apppcation and record customer change requests.

Customer focus group sessions are faciptated sessions, similar to jad sessions, but rather than generating requirements or defining project plans, they are designed to review the apppcation itself. The customers provide feedback on the working software resulting from an iteration.

Result Quapty from a Technical Perspective

In the Adaptive Software Development projects, periodic review of technical artifacts should be given importance. Code Reviews should be done on a continuous basis. Reviews of other technical artifacts, such as technical architecture can be conducted weekly or at the end of an iteration.

In Adaptive Software Development projects, the team should monitor its own performance periodically. Retrospectives encourage the teams to learn about themselves and their work, together as a team.

Iteration-end retrospectives faciptate periodic team performance self-review such as −

Determine what is not working.

What the Team needs to do more.

What the Team needs to do less.

The Project Status

The Project status review helps in planning further work. In the adaptive software development projects, determining the project status is feature-based approach, the end of each iteration marked by completed features resulting in working software.

The Project Status review should include −

Where is the project?

Where is the project versus the plans?

Where should the project be?

As the plans in the Adaptive Software Development projects are speculative, more than the question 2 above, question 3 is important. That is, the project team and the customers need to continuously ask themselves, "What have we learned so far, and does it change our perspective on where we need to go?"