SAS - Operators

An operator in SAS is a symbol which is used in a mathematical, logical or comparison expression. These symbols are in-built into the SAS language and many operators can be combined in a single expression to give a final output.

Below is a pst of SAS category of operators.

Arithmetic Operators

Logical Operators

Comparison Operators

Minimum/Maximum Operators

Concatenation Operator

We will look at each of the one by one. The operators are always used with variables that are part of the data that is being analyzed by the SAS program.

Arithmetic Operators

The below table describes the details of the arithmetic operators. Let’s assume two data variables V1 and V2with values 8 and 4 respectively.

Example

DATA MYDATA1;
input @1 COL1 4.2	@7 COL2 3.1; 
Add_result = COL1+COL2;
Sub_result = COL1-COL2;
Mult_result = COL1*COL2;
Div_result = COL1/COL2;
Expo_result = COL1**COL2;
datapnes;
11.21 5.3
3.11  11
;
PROC PRINT DATA = MYDATA1;
RUN;

On running the above code, we get the following output.

Logical Operators

The below table describes the details of the logical operators. These operators evaluate the Truth value of an expression. So the result of logical operators is always a 1 or a 0. Let’s assume two data variables V1 and V2with values 8 and 4 respectively.

Example

DATA MYDATA1;
input @1 COL1 5.2	@7 COL2 4.1; 
and_=(COL1 > 10 & COL2 > 5 );
or_ = (COL1 > 12 | COL2 > 15 );
not_ = ~( COL2 > 7 );
datapnes;
11.21 5.3
3.11  11.4
;
PROC PRINT DATA = MYDATA1;
RUN;

On running the above code, we get the following output.

Comparison Operators

The below table describes the details of the comparison operators. These operators compare the values of the variables and the result is a truth value presented by 1 for TRUE and 0 for False. Let’s assume two data variables V1 and V2with values 8 and 4 respectively.

Example

DATA MYDATA1;
input @1 COL1 5.2	@7 COL2 4.1; 
EQ_ = (COL1 = 11.21);
NEQ_= (COL1 ^= 11.21);
GT_ = (COL2 => 8);
LT_ = (COL2 <= 12);
IN_ = COL2 in( 6.2,5.3,12 );
datapnes;
11.21 5.3
3.11  11.4
;
PROC PRINT DATA = MYDATA1;
RUN;

On running the above code, we get the following output.

Minimum/Maximum Operators

The below table describes the details of the Minimum/Maximum operators. These operators compare the values of the variables across a row and the minimum or maximum value from the pst of values in the rows is returned.

Example

DATA MYDATA1;
input @1 COL1 5.2	@7 COL2 4.1 @12 COL3 6.3; 
min_ = MIN(COL1 , COL2 , COL3);
max_ = MAX( COL1, COl2 , COL3);
datapnes;
11.21 5.3 29.012
3.11  11.4 18.512
;
PROC PRINT DATA = MYDATA1;
RUN;

On running the above code, we get the following output.

Concatenation Operator

The below table describes the details of the Concatenation operator. This operator concatenates two or more string values. A single character value is returned.

Example

DATA MYDATA1;
input  COL1 $	COL2 $  COL3 $; 
concat_ = (COL1 || COL2 || COL3);
datapnes;
Tutorial s point
simple easy learning
;
PROC PRINT DATA = MYDATA1;
RUN;

On running the above code, we get the following output.

Operators Precedence

The operator precedence indicates the order of evaluation of the multiple operators present in complex expression. The below table describes the order of precedence with in a group of operators.