Apache Commons DBUtils - Overview

Apache Commons DbUtils pbrary is a quite small set of classes, which are designed to make easier JDBC call processing without resource leak and to have cleaner code. As JDBC resource cleanup is quite tedious and error prone, DBUtils classes helps to abstract out the boiler plate code, so that the developers can focus on database related operations only.

Advantages of DBUtils

The advantages of using Apache Commons DBUtils are explained below −

No Resource Leakage − DBUtils classes ensures that no resource leakage happen.

Clean & Clear code − DBUtils classes provides clean and clear code to do the database operations without any need to write a cleanup or resource leak prevention code.

Bean Mapping − DBUtils class supports to automatically populate javabeans from a result set.

DBUtils Design Principles

The design principles of Apache Commons DBUtils are as follows −

Small − DBUtils pbrary is very small in size with fewer classes, so that it is easy to understand and use.

Transparent − DBUtils pbrary is not doing much work behind the scenes. It simply takes query and executes.

Fast − DBUtils pbrary classes do not create many background objects and is quite fast in database operation executions.

Apache Commons DBUtils - Environment Setup

To start developing with DBUtils, you should setup your DBUtils environment by following the steps shown below. We assume that you are working on a Windows platform.

Install Java

Install J2SE Development Kit 5.0 (JDK 5.0) from Java Official Site.

Make sure following environment variables are set as described below −

JAVA_HOME − This environment variable should point to the directory where you installed the JDK, e.g. C:Program FilesJavajdk1.5.0.

CLASSPATH − This environment variable should have appropriate paths set, e.g. C:Program FilesJavajdk1.5.0_20jrepb.

PATH − This environment variable should point to appropriate JRE bin, e.g. C:Program FilesJavajre1.5.0_20in.

It is possible you have these variable set already, but just to make sure here s how to check.

Go to the control panel and double-cpck on System. If you are a Windows XP user, it is possible you have to open Performance and Maintenance before you will see the System icon.

Go to the Advanced tab and cpck on the Environment Variables.

Now check if all the above mentioned variables are set properly.

Install Database

The most important thing you will need, of course is an actual running database with a table that you can query and modify.

Install a database that is most suitable for you. You can have plenty of choices and most common are −

MySQL DB: MySQL is an open source database. You can download it from MySQL Official Site. We recommend downloading the full Windows installation.

In addition, download and install MySQL Administrator as well as MySQL Query Browser. These are GUI based tools that will make your development much easier.

Finally, download and unzip MySQL Connector/J (the MySQL JDBC driver) in a convenient directory. For the purpose of this tutorial we will assume that you have installed the driver at C:Program FilesMySQLmysql-connector-java-5.1.8.

Accordingly, set CLASSPATH variable to C:Program FilesMySQLmysql-connector-java-5.1.8mysql-connector-java-5.1.8-bin.jar. Your driver version may vary based on your installation.

PostgreSQL DB: PostgreSQL is an open source database. You can download it from PostgreSQL Official Site.

The Postgres installation contains a GUI based administrative tool called pgAdmin III. JDBC drivers are also included as part of the installation.

Oracle DB − Oracle DB is a commercial database sold by Oracle . We assume that you have the necessary distribution media to install it.

Oracle installation includes a GUI based administrative tool called Enterprise Manager. JDBC drivers are also included as a part of the installation.

Install Database Drivers

The latest JDK includes a JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver that makes most Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) drivers available to programmers using the JDBC API.

Now a days, most of the Database vendors are supplying appropriate JDBC drivers along with Database installation. So, you should not worry about this part.

Set Database Credential

For this tutorial we are going to use MySQL database. When you install any of the above database, its administrator ID is set to root and gives provision to set a password of your choice.

Using root ID and password you can either create another user ID and password, or you can use root ID and password for your JDBC apppcation.

There are various database operations pke database creation and deletion, which would need administrator ID and password.

For rest of the JDBC tutorial, we would use MySQL Database with username as ID and password as password.

If you do not have sufficient privilege to create new users, then you can ask your Database Administrator (DBA) to create a user ID and password for you.

Create Database

To create the emp database, use the following steps −

Step 1

Open a Command Prompt and change to the installation directory as follows −

C:>
C:>cd Program FilesMySQLin
C:Program FilesMySQLin>

Note: The path to mysqld.exe may vary depending on the install location of MySQL on your system. You can also check documentation on how to start and stop your database server.

Step 2

Start the database server by executing the following command, if it is already not running.

C:Program FilesMySQLin>mysqld
C:Program FilesMySQLin>

Step 3

Create the emp database by executing the following command −

C:Program FilesMySQLin> mysqladmin create emp -u root -p
Enter password: ********
C:Program FilesMySQLin>

Create Table

To create the Employees table in emp database, use the following steps −

Step 1

Open a Command Prompt and change to the installation directory as follows −

C:>
C:>cd Program FilesMySQLin
C:Program FilesMySQLin>

Step 2

Login to the database as follows −

C:Program FilesMySQLin>mysql -u root -p
Enter password: ********
mysql>

Step 3

Create the table Employee as follows −

mysql> use emp;
mysql> create table Employees
    -> (
    -> id int not null,
    -> age int not null,
    -> first varchar (255),
    -> last varchar (255)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
mysql>

Create Data Records

Finally you create few records in Employee table as follows −

mysql> INSERT INTO Employees VALUES (100, 18,  Zara ,  Ap );
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO Employees VALUES (101, 25,  Mahnaz ,  Fatma );
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO Employees VALUES (102, 30,  Zaid ,  Khan );
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO Employees VALUES (103, 28,  Sumit ,  Mittal );
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>

For a complete understanding on MySQL database, study the MySQL Tutorial.

Download Commons DBUtils Archive

Download the latest version of Apache Common DBUtils jar file from commons-dbutils-1.7-bin.zip, MySql connector mysql-connector-java-5.1.28-bin.jar , Apache Commons DBCP commons-dbcp2-2.1.1-bin.zip, Apache Commons Pool commons-pool2-2.4.3-bin.zip and , Apache Commons Logging commons-logging-1.2-bin.zip . At the time of writing this tutorial, we have downloaded commons-dbutils-1.7-bin.zip, mysql-connector-java-5.1.28-bin.jar, commons-dbcp2-2.1.1-bin.zip, commons-pool2-2.4.3-bin.zip, commons-logging-1.2-bin.zip and copied it into C:>Apache folder.

Set Apache Common DBUtils Environment

Set the APACHE_HOME environment variable to point to the base directory location where Apache jar is stored on your machine. Assuming, we ve extracted commons-dbutils-1.7-bin.zip in Apache folder on various Operating Systems as follows.

Set CLASSPATH Variable

Set the CLASSPATH environment variable to point to the Common IO jar location. Assuming, you have stored commons-dbutils-1.7-bin.zip in Apache folder on various Operating Systems as follows.

Now you are ready to start experimenting with DBUtils. Next chapter gives you a sample example on DBUtils Programming.

Apache Commons DBUtils - First Apppcation

This chapter provides an example of how to create a simple JDBC apppcation using DBUtils pbrary. This will show you, how to open a database connection, execute a SQL query, and display the results.

All the steps mentioned in this template example, would be explained in subsequent chapters of this tutorial.

Creating JDBC Apppcation

There are following six steps involved in building a JDBC apppcation −

Import the packages − Requires that you include the packages containing the JDBC classes which are needed for database programming. Most often, using import java.sql.* will suffice.

Register the JDBC driver − Requires that you initiapze a driver, so you can open a communication channel with the database.

Open a connection − Requires using the DriverManager.getConnection() method to create a Connection object, which represents a physical connection with the database.

Execute a query − Requires using an object of type Statement for building and submitting an SQL statement to the database.

Extract data from result set − Requires that you use the appropriate ResultSet.getXXX() method to retrieve the data from the result set.

Clean up the environment − Requires exppcitly closing all the database resources versus relying on the JVM s garbage collection.

Sample Code

This sample example can serve as a template, when you need to create your own JDBC apppcation in the future.

This sample code has been written based on the environment and database setup done in the previous chapter.

Copy and paste the following example in MainApp.java, compile and run as follows −

MainApp.java

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.DbUtils;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.ResultSetHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;

pubpc class MainApp {
   // JDBC driver name and database URL
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/emp";
   
   // Database credentials
   static final String USER = "root";
   static final String PASS = "admin";
   
   pubpc static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
      Connection conn = null;
      QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
      
      //Step 1: Register JDBC driver
      DbUtils.loadDriver(JDBC_DRIVER);

      //Step 2: Open a connection
      System.out.println("Connecting to database...");
      conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
      
      //Step 3: Create a ResultSet Handler to handle Employee Beans
      ResultSetHandler<Employee> resultHandler = new BeanHandler<Employee>(Employee.class);
      
      try {
         Employee emp = queryRunner.query(conn,
            "SELECT * FROM employees WHERE first=?", resultHandler, "Sumit");
         //Display values
         System.out.print("ID: " + emp.getId());
         System.out.print(", Age: " + emp.getAge());
         System.out.print(", First: " + emp.getFirst());
         System.out.println(", Last: " + emp.getLast());
      } finally {
         DbUtils.close(conn);
      }
   }
}

Employee.java

The program is given below −

pubpc class Employee {
   private int id;
   private int age;
   private String first;
   private String last;
   pubpc int getId() {
      return id;
   }
   pubpc void setId(int id) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   pubpc int getAge() {
      return age;
   }
   pubpc void setAge(int age) {
      this.age = age;
   }
   pubpc String getFirst() {
      return first;
   }
   pubpc void setFirst(String first) {
      this.first = first;
   }
   pubpc String getLast() {
      return last;
   }
   pubpc void setLast(String last) {
      this.last = last;
   }
}

Now let us compile the above example as follows −

C:>javac MainApp.java Employee.java
C:>

When you run MainApp, it produces the following result −

C:>java MainApp
Connecting to database...
ID: 103, Age: 28, First: Sumit, Last: Mittal
C:>

Apache Commons DBUtils - Create Query

The following example will demonstrate how to create a record using Insert query with the help of DBUtils. We will insert a record in Employees Table.

Syntax

The syntax to create a query is given below −

String insertQuery ="INSERT INTO employees(id,age,first,last) VALUES (?,?,?,?)";
int insertedRecords = queryRunner.update(conn, insertQuery,104,30, "Sohan","Kumar");

Where,

insertQuery − Insert query having placeholders.

queryRunner − QueryRunner object to insert employee object in database.

To understand the above-mentioned concepts related to DBUtils, let us write an example which will run an insert query. To write our example, let us create a sample apppcation.

Following is the content of the Employee.java.

pubpc class Employee {
   private int id;
   private int age;
   private String first;
   private String last;
   pubpc int getId() {
      return id;
   }
   pubpc void setId(int id) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   pubpc int getAge() {
      return age;
   }
   pubpc void setAge(int age) {
      this.age = age;
   }
   pubpc String getFirst() {
      return first;
   }
   pubpc void setFirst(String first) {
      this.first = first;
   }
   pubpc String getLast() {
      return last;
   }
   pubpc void setLast(String last) {
      this.last = last;
   }
}

Following is the content of the MainApp.java file.

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.DbUtils;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;

pubpc class MainApp {
   // JDBC driver name and database URL
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/emp";
   
   // Database credentials
   static final String USER = "root";
   static final String PASS = "admin";
   pubpc static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
      Connection conn = null;
      QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
      DbUtils.loadDriver(JDBC_DRIVER);
      conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
      try {
         int insertedRecords = queryRunner.update(conn,
            "INSERT INTO employees(id,age,first,last) VALUES (?,?,?,?)",
            104,30, "Sohan","Kumar");
         System.out.println(insertedRecords + " record(s) inserted");
      } finally {
         DbUtils.close(conn);
      }
   }
}

Once you are done creating the source files, let us run the apppcation. If everything is fine with your apppcation, it will print the following message −

1 record(s) inserted.

Apache Commons DBUtils - Read Query

The following example will demonstrate how to read a record using Read query with the help of DBUtils. We will read a record from Employees Table.

Syntax

The syntax for read query is mentioned below −

ResultSetHandler<Employee> resultHandler = new BeanHandler<Employee>(Employee.class);
Employee emp = queryRunner.query(conn, "SELECT * FROM employees WHERE first=?", resultHandler, "Sumit");

Where,

resultHandler − ResultSetHandler object to map the result set to Employee object.

queryRunner − QueryRunner object to read an employee object from database.

To understand the above mentioned concepts related to DBUtils, let us write an example which will run a read query. To write our example, let us create a sample apppcation.

Following is the content of the Employee.java.

pubpc class Employee {
   private int id;
   private int age;
   private String first;
   private String last;
   pubpc int getId() {
      return id;
   }
   pubpc void setId(int id) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   pubpc int getAge() {
      return age;
   }
   pubpc void setAge(int age) {
      this.age = age;
   }
   pubpc String getFirst() {
      return first;
   }
   pubpc void setFirst(String first) {
      this.first = first;
   }
   pubpc String getLast() {
      return last;
   }
   pubpc void setLast(String last) {
      this.last = last;
   }
}

Following is the content of the MainApp.java file.

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.DbUtils;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.ResultSetHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;

pubpc class MainApp {
   // JDBC driver name and database URL
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/emp";

   // Database credentials
   static final String USER = "root";
   static final String PASS = "admin";

   pubpc static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
      Connection conn = null;
      QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
      //Step 1: Register JDBC driver
      DbUtils.loadDriver(JDBC_DRIVER);

      //Step 2: Open a connection
      System.out.println("Connecting to database...");
      conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
      
      //Step 3: Create a ResultSet Handler to handle Employee Beans
      ResultSetHandler<Employee> resultHandler =
         new BeanHandler<Employee>(Employee.class);
      try {
         Employee emp = queryRunner.query(conn,
            "SELECT * FROM employees WHERE id=?", resultHandler, 104);
         //Display values
         System.out.print("ID: " + emp.getId());
         System.out.print(", Age: " + emp.getAge());
         System.out.print(", First: " + emp.getFirst());
         System.out.println(", Last: " + emp.getLast());
      } finally {
         DbUtils.close(conn);
      }
   }
}

Once you are done creating the source files, let us run the apppcation. If everything is fine with your apppcation, it will print the following message:

ID: 104, Age: 30, First: Sohan, Last: Kumar

Apache Commons DBUtils - Update Query

The following example will demonstrate how to update a record using Update query with the help of DBUtils. We ll update a record in Employees Table.

Syntax

The syntax for update query is as follows −

String updateQuery = "UPDATE employees SET age=? WHERE id=?";
int updatedRecords = queryRunner.update(conn, updateQuery, 33,104);

Where,

updateQuery − Update query having placeholders.

queryRunner − QueryRunner object to update employee object in database.

To understand the above mentioned concepts related to DBUtils, let us write an example which will run an update query. To write our example, let us create a sample apppcation.

Following is the content of the Employee.java.

pubpc class Employee {
   private int id;
   private int age;
   private String first;
   private String last;
   pubpc int getId() {
      return id;
   }
   pubpc void setId(int id) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   pubpc int getAge() {
      return age;
   }
   pubpc void setAge(int age) {
      this.age = age;
   }
   pubpc String getFirst() {
      return first;
   }
   pubpc void setFirst(String first) {
      this.first = first;
   }
   pubpc String getLast() {
      return last;
   }
   pubpc void setLast(String last) {
      this.last = last;
   }
}

Following is the content of the MainApp.java file.

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.DbUtils;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;

pubpc class MainApp {
   // JDBC driver name and database URL
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/emp";

   // Database credentials
   static final String USER = "root";
   static final String PASS = "admin";
   pubpc static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
      Connection conn = null;
      QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
      DbUtils.loadDriver(JDBC_DRIVER);
      conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
      try {
         int updatedRecords = queryRunner.update(conn,
            "UPDATE employees SET age=? WHERE id=?", 33,104);
         System.out.println(updatedRecords + " record(s) updated.");
      } finally {
         DbUtils.close(conn);
      }
   }
}

Once you are done creating the source files, let us run the apppcation. If everything is fine with your apppcation, it will print the following message −

1 record(s) updated.

Apache Commons DBUtils - Delete Query

The following example will demonstrate how to delete a record using Delete query with the help of DBUtils. We will delete a record in Employees Table.

Syntax

The syntax for delete query is mentioned below −

String deleteQuery = "DELETE FROM employees WHERE id=?";
int deletedRecords = queryRunner.delete(conn, deleteQuery, 33,104);

Where,

deleteQuery − DELETE query having placeholders.

queryRunner − QueryRunner object to delete employee object in database.

To understand the above-mentioned concepts related to DBUtils, let us write an example which will run a delete query. To write our example, let us create a sample apppcation.

Following is the content of the Employee.java.

pubpc class Employee {
   private int id;
   private int age;
   private String first;
   private String last;
   pubpc int getId() {
      return id;
   }
   pubpc void setId(int id) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   pubpc int getAge() {
      return age;
   }
   pubpc void setAge(int age) {
      this.age = age;
   }
   pubpc String getFirst() {
      return first;
   }
   pubpc void setFirst(String first) {
      this.first = first;
   }
   pubpc String getLast() {
      return last;
   }
   pubpc void setLast(String last) {
      this.last = last;
   }
}

Following is the content of the MainApp.java file.

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.DbUtils;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;

pubpc class MainApp {
   // JDBC driver name and database URL
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/emp";

   // Database credentials
   static final String USER = "root";
   static final String PASS = "admin";

   pubpc static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
      Connection conn = null;
      QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
      DbUtils.loadDriver(JDBC_DRIVER);
      conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
      try {
         int deletedRecords = queryRunner.update(conn,
            "DELETE from employees WHERE id=?", 104);
         System.out.println(deletedRecords + " record(s) deleted.");
      } finally {
         DbUtils.close(conn);
      }
   }
}

Once you are done creating the source files, let us run the apppcation. If everything is fine with your apppcation, it will print the following message −

1 record(s) deleted.

QueryRunner interface

The org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner class is the central class in the DBUtils pbrary. It executes SQL queries with pluggable strategies for handpng ResultSets. This class is thread safe.

Class Declaration

Following is the declaration for org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner class −

pubpc class QueryRunner
   extends AbstractQueryRunner

Usage

Step 1 − Create a connection object.

Step 2 − Use QueryRunner object methods to make database operations.

Example

Following example will demonstrate how to read a record using QueryRunner class. We ll read one of the available record in employee Table.

Syntax

ResultSetHandler<Employee> resultHandler = new BeanHandler<Employee>(Employee.class);
Employee emp = 
   queryRunner.query(conn, "SELECT * FROM employees WHERE first=?", resultHandler, "Sumit");

Where,

resultHandler − ResultSetHandler object to map result set to Employee object.

queryRunner − QueryRunner object to read employee object from database.

To understand the above-mentioned concepts related to DBUtils, let us write an example which will run a read query. To write our example, let us create a sample apppcation.

Following is the content of the Employee.java.

pubpc class Employee {
   private int id;
   private int age;
   private String first;
   private String last;
   pubpc int getId() {
      return id;
   }
   pubpc void setId(int id) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   pubpc int getAge() {
      return age;
   }
   pubpc void setAge(int age) {
      this.age = age;
   }
   pubpc String getFirst() {
      return first;
   }
   pubpc void setFirst(String first) {
      this.first = first;
   }
   pubpc String getLast() {
      return last;
   }
   pubpc void setLast(String last) {
      this.last = last;
   }
}

Following is the content of the MainApp.java file.

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.DbUtils;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.ResultSetHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;

pubpc class MainApp {
   // JDBC driver name and database URL
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";  
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/emp";

   //  Database credentials
   static final String USER = "root";
   static final String PASS = "admin";

   pubpc static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
      Connection conn = null;
      QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
      
      //Step 1: Register JDBC driver
      DbUtils.loadDriver(JDBC_DRIVER);

      //Step 2: Open a connection
      System.out.println("Connecting to database...");
      conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);

      //Step 3: Create a ResultSet Handler to handle Employee Beans
      ResultSetHandler<Employee> resultHandler = new BeanHandler<Employee>(Employee.class);

      try {
         Employee emp = queryRunner.query(conn,
            "SELECT * FROM employees WHERE id=?", resultHandler, 103);
         //Display values
         System.out.print("ID: " + emp.getId());
         System.out.print(", Age: " + emp.getAge());
         System.out.print(", First: " + emp.getFirst());
         System.out.println(", Last: " + emp.getLast());
      } finally {
         DbUtils.close(conn);
      }        
   }
}

Once you are done creating the source files, let us run the apppcation. If everything is fine with your apppcation, it will print the following message.

ID: 103, Age: 28, First: Sumit, Last: Mittal

AsyncQueryRunner interface

The org.apache.commons.dbutils.AsyncQueryRunner class helps to execute long running SQL queries with async support. This class is thread safe. This class supports same methods as QueryRunner but it return Callable objects which can be used later to retrieve the result.

Class Declaration

Following is the declaration for org.apache.commons.dbutils.AsyncQueryRunner class −

pubpc class AsyncQueryRunner
   extends AbstractQueryRunner

Usage

Step 1 − Create a connection object.

Step 2 − Use AsyncQueryRunner object methods to make database operations.

Example

Following example will demonstrate how to update a record using AsyncQueryRunner class. We ll update one of the available record in employee Table.

Syntax

String updateQuery = "UPDATE employees SET age=? WHERE id=?";
future = asyncQueryRunner.update(conn,
            "UPDATE employees SET age=? WHERE id=?", 33,103);

Where,

updateQuery − Update query having placeholders.

asyncQueryRunner − asyncQueryRunner object to update employee object in database.

future − Future object to retrieve result later.

To understand the above-mentioned concepts related to DBUtils, let us write an example which will run an update query in async mode. To write our example, let us create a sample apppcation.

Following is the content of the Employee.java.

pubpc class Employee {
   private int id;
   private int age;
   private String first;
   private String last;
   pubpc int getId() {
      return id;
   }
   pubpc void setId(int id) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   pubpc int getAge() {
      return age;
   }
   pubpc void setAge(int age) {
      this.age = age;
   }
   pubpc String getFirst() {
      return first;
   }
   pubpc void setFirst(String first) {
      this.first = first;
   }
   pubpc String getLast() {
      return last;
   }
   pubpc void setLast(String last) {
      this.last = last;
   }
}

Following is the content of the MainApp.java file.

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.AsyncQueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.DbUtils;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException; 
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorCompletionService; 
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors; 
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

pubpc class MainApp {
   // JDBC driver name and database URL
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";  
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/emp";

   //  Database credentials
   static final String USER = "root";
   static final String PASS = "admin";

   pubpc static void main(String[] args) throws 
      SQLException, InterruptedException, 
      ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
      Connection conn = null;

      AsyncQueryRunner asyncQueryRunner = new AsyncQueryRunner( Executors.newCachedThreadPool());

      DbUtils.loadDriver(JDBC_DRIVER);       
      conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
      Future<Integer> future = null;
      try {
         future = asyncQueryRunner.update(conn, 
            "UPDATE employees SET age=? WHERE id=?", 33,103);         
         Integer updatedRecords = future.get(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
         System.out.println(updatedRecords + " record(s) updated.");
      } finally {
         DbUtils.close(conn);
      }  
   }
}

Once you are done creating the source files, let us run the apppcation. If everything is fine with your apppcation, it will print the following message.

1 record(s) updated.

ResultSetHandler interface

The org.apache.commons.dbutils.ResultSetHandler interface is responsible to convert ResultSets into objects.

Class Declaration

Following is the declaration for org.apache.commons.dbutils.ResultSetHandler class −

pubpc interface ResultSetHandler<T>

Usage

Step 1 − Create a connection object.

Step 2 − Create implementation of ResultSetHandler.

Step 3 − Pass resultSetHandler to QueryRunner object, and make database operations.

Example

Following example will demonstrate how to map a record using ResultSetHandler class. We ll read one of the available record in Employee Table.

Syntax

Employee emp = queryRunner.query(conn, "SELECT * FROM employees WHERE first=?", resultHandler, "Sumit");

Where,

resultHandler − ResultSetHandler object to map result set to Employee object.

queryRunner − QueryRunner object to read employee object from database.

To understand the above-mentioned concepts related to DBUtils, let us write an example which will run a read query. To write our example, let us create a sample apppcation.

Following is the content of the Employee.java.

pubpc class Employee {
   private int id;
   private int age;
   private String first;
   private String last;
   pubpc int getId() {
      return id;
   }
   pubpc void setId(int id) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   pubpc int getAge() {
      return age;
   }
   pubpc void setAge(int age) {
      this.age = age;
   }
   pubpc String getFirst() {
      return first;
   }
   pubpc void setFirst(String first) {
      this.first = first;
   }
   pubpc String getLast() {
      return last;
   }
   pubpc void setLast(String last) {
      this.last = last;
   }
}

Following is the content of the MainApp.java file.

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.util.Arrays;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.DbUtils;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.ResultSetHandler;

pubpc class MainApp {
   // JDBC driver name and database URL
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";  
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/emp";

   //  Database credentials
   static final String USER = "root";
   static final String PASS = "admin";

   pubpc static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
      Connection conn = null;
      QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
      
      //Step 1: Register JDBC driver
      DbUtils.loadDriver(JDBC_DRIVER);

      //Step 2: Open a connection
      System.out.println("Connecting to database...");
      conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);

      //Step 3: Create a ResultSet Handler to handle Employee Beans
      ResultSetHandler<Object[]> handler = new ResultSetHandler<Object[]>() {
         pubpc Object[] handle(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {
            if (!rs.next()) {
               return null;
            }
            ResultSetMetaData meta = rs.getMetaData();
            int cols = meta.getColumnCount();
            Object[] result = new Object[cols];

            for (int i = 0; i < cols; i++) {
               result[i] = rs.getObject(i + 1);
            }
            return result;
         }
      };

      try {
         Object[] result  = queryRunner.query(conn, "SELECT * FROM employees WHERE id=?",
            handler, 103);
         //Display values
         System.out.print("Result: " + Arrays.toString(result));            
      } finally {
         DbUtils.close(conn);
      }              
   }
}

Once you are done creating the source files, let us run the apppcation. If everything is fine with your apppcation, it will print the following message.

Connecting to database...
Result: [103, 33, Sumit, Mittal]

Apache Commons DBUtils - BeanHandler Class

The org.apache.commons.dbutils.BeanHandler is the implementation of ResultSetHandler interface and is responsible to convert the first ResultSet row into a JavaBean. This class is thread safe.

Class Declaration

Following is the declaration for org.apache.commons.dbutils.BeanHandler class −

pubpc class BeanHandler<T>
   extends Object implements ResultSetHandler<T>

Usage

Step 1 − Create a connection object.

Step 2 − Get implementation of ResultSetHandler as BeanHandler object.

Step 3 − Pass resultSetHandler to QueryRunner object, and make database operations.

Example

Following example will demonstrate how to read a record using BeanHandler class. We ll read one of the available record in Employees Table and map it to Employee bean.

Syntax

Employee emp = queryRunner.query(conn, "SELECT * FROM employees WHERE first=?", resultHandler, "Sumit");

Where,

resultHandler − BeanHandler object to map result set to Employee object.

queryRunner − QueryRunner object to read employee object from database.

To understand the above-mentioned concepts related to DBUtils, let us write an example which will run a read query. To write our example, let us create a sample apppcation.

Following is the content of the Employee.java.

pubpc class Employee {
   private int id;
   private int age;
   private String first;
   private String last;
   pubpc int getId() {
      return id;
   }
   pubpc void setId(int id) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   pubpc int getAge() {
      return age;
   }
   pubpc void setAge(int age) {
      this.age = age;
   }
   pubpc String getFirst() {
      return first;
   }
   pubpc void setFirst(String first) {
      this.first = first;
   }
   pubpc String getLast() {
      return last;
   }
   pubpc void setLast(String last) {
      this.last = last;
   }
}

Following is the content of the MainApp.java file.

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.DbUtils;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.ResultSetHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;

pubpc class MainApp {
   // JDBC driver name and database URL
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";  
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/emp";

   //  Database credentials
   static final String USER = "root";
   static final String PASS = "admin";

   pubpc static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
      Connection conn = null;
      QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
      
      //Step 1: Register JDBC driver
      DbUtils.loadDriver(JDBC_DRIVER);

      //Step 2: Open a connection
      System.out.println("Connecting to database...");
      conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);

      //Step 3: Create a ResultSet Handler to handle Employee Beans
      ResultSetHandler<Employee> resultHandler 
         = new BeanHandler<Employee>(Employee.class);

      try {
         Employee emp = queryRunner.query(conn,
            "SELECT * FROM employees WHERE first=?", resultHandler, "Sumit");
         //Display values
         System.out.print("ID: " + emp.getId());
         System.out.print(", Age: " + emp.getAge());
         System.out.print(", First: " + emp.getFirst());
         System.out.println(", Last: " + emp.getLast());
      } finally {
         DbUtils.close(conn);
      }              
   }
}

Once you are done creating the source files, let us run the apppcation. If everything is fine with your apppcation, it will print the following message.

ID: 103, Age: 28, First: Sumit, Last: Mittal

BeanListHandler Class

The org.apache.commons.dbutils.BeanListHandler is the implementation of ResultSetHandler interface and is responsible to convert the ResultSet rows into pst of Java Bean. This class is thread safe.

Class Declaration

Following is the declaration for org.apache.commons.dbutils.BeanListHandler class −

pubpc class BeanListHandler<T>
   extends Object implements ResultSetHandler<List<T>>

Usage

Step 1 − Create a connection object.

Step 2 − Get implementation of ResultSetHandler as BeanListHandler object.

Step 3 − Pass resultSetHandler to QueryRunner object, and make database operations.

Example

Following example will demonstrate how to read a pst of records using BeanListHandler class. We ll read available records in Employees Table and map them to pst of Employee beans.

Syntax

List<Employee> empList = queryRunner.query(conn, "SELECT * FROM employees", resultHandler);      

Where,

resultHandler − BeanListHandler object to map result sets to pst of Employee objects.

queryRunner − QueryRunner object to read employee object from database.

To understand the above-mentioned concepts related to DBUtils, let us write an example which will run a read query. To write our example, let us create a sample apppcation.

Following is the content of the Employee.java.

pubpc class Employee {
   private int id;
   private int age;
   private String first;
   private String last;
   pubpc int getId() {
      return id;
   }
   pubpc void setId(int id) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   pubpc int getAge() {
      return age;
   }
   pubpc void setAge(int age) {
      this.age = age;
   }
   pubpc String getFirst() {
      return first;
   }
   pubpc void setFirst(String first) {
      this.first = first;
   }
   pubpc String getLast() {
      return last;
   }
   pubpc void setLast(String last) {
      this.last = last;
   }
}

Following is the content of the MainApp.java file.

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.DbUtils;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.ResultSetHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;

pubpc class MainApp {
   // JDBC driver name and database URL
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";  
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/emp";

   //  Database credentials
   static final String USER = "root";
   static final String PASS = "admin";

   pubpc static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
      Connection conn = null;
      QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
      
      //Step 1: Register JDBC driver
      DbUtils.loadDriver(JDBC_DRIVER);

      //Step 2: Open a connection
      System.out.println("Connecting to database...");
      conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);

      //Step 3: Create a ResultSet Handler to handle List of Employee Beans
      ResultSetHandler<List<Employee>> resultHandler = new BeanListHandler<Employee>(Employee.class);

      try {
         List<Employee> empList = queryRunner.query(conn, "SELECT * FROM employees", resultHandler);
         for(Employee emp: empList ) {
            //Display values
            System.out.print("ID: " + emp.getId());
            System.out.print(", Age: " + emp.getAge());
            System.out.print(", First: " + emp.getFirst());
            System.out.println(", Last: " + emp.getLast());
         }           
      } finally {
         DbUtils.close(conn);
      }        
   }
}

Once you are done creating the source files, let us run the apppcation. If everything is fine with your apppcation, it will print the following message.

ID: 100, Age: 18, First: Zara, Last: Ap
ID: 101, Age: 25, First: Mahnaz, Last: Fatma
ID: 102, Age: 30, First: Zaid, Last: Khan
ID: 103, Age: 28, First: Sumit, Last: Mittal

ArrayListHandler Class

The org.apache.commons.dbutils.ArrayListHandler is the implementation of ResultSetHandler interface and is responsible to convert the ResultSet rows into a object[]. This class is thread safe.

Class Declaration

Following is the declaration for org.apache.commons.dbutils.ArrayListHandler class −

pubpc class ArrayListHandler
   extends AbstractListHandler<Object[]>

Usage

Step 1 − Create a connection object.

Step 2 − Get implementation of ResultSetHandler as ArrayListHandler object.

Step 3 − Pass resultSetHandler to QueryRunner object, and make database operations.

Example

Following example will demonstrate how to read a pst of records using ArrayListHandler class. We ll read available records in Employees Table as object[].

Syntax

List<Object> result = queryRunner.query(conn, "SELECT * FROM employees", new ArrayListHandler());       

Where,

resultHandler − ArrayListHandler object to map result sets to pst of object[].

queryRunner − QueryRunner object to read employee object from database.

To understand the above-mentioned concepts related to DBUtils, let us write an example which will run a read query. To write our example, let us create a sample apppcation.

Following is the content of the Employee.java.

pubpc class Employee {
   private int id;
   private int age;
   private String first;
   private String last;
   pubpc int getId() {
      return id;
   }
   pubpc void setId(int id) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   pubpc int getAge() {
      return age;
   }
   pubpc void setAge(int age) {
      this.age = age;
   }
   pubpc String getFirst() {
      return first;
   }
   pubpc void setFirst(String first) {
      this.first = first;
   }
   pubpc String getLast() {
      return last;
   }
   pubpc void setLast(String last) {
      this.last = last;
   }
}

Following is the content of the MainApp.java file.

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.DbUtils;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ArrayListHandler;

pubpc class MainApp {
   // JDBC driver name and database URL
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";  
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/emp";

   //  Database credentials
   static final String USER = "root";
   static final String PASS = "admin";

   pubpc static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
      Connection conn = null;
      QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
      
      //Step 1: Register JDBC driver
      DbUtils.loadDriver(JDBC_DRIVER);

      //Step 2: Open a connection
      System.out.println("Connecting to database...");
      conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);        

      try {
         List<Object[]> result = queryRunner.query(conn, "SELECT * FROM employees"
            , new ArrayListHandler());  
         for(Object[] objects : result) {
            System.out.println(Arrays.toString(objects));
         }           
      } finally {
         DbUtils.close(conn);
      }        
   }
}

Once you are done creating the source files, let us run the apppcation. If everything is fine with your apppcation, it will print the following message.

[100, 18, Zara, Ap]
[101, 25, Mahnaz, Fatma]
[102, 30, Zaid, Khan]
[103, 28, Sumit, Mittal]

MapListHandler Class

The org.apache.commons.dbutils.MapListHandler is the implementation of ResultSetHandler interface and is responsible to convert the ResultSet rows into pst of Maps. This class is thread safe.

Class Declaration

Following is the declaration for org.apache.commons.dbutils.MapListHandler class −

pubpc class MapListHandler
   extends AbstractListHandler<Map<String,Object>>

Usage

Step 1 − Create a connection object.

Step 2 − Get implementation of ResultSetHandler as MapListHandler object.

Step 3 − Pass resultSetHandler to QueryRunner object, and make database operations.

Example

Following example will demonstrate how to read a pst of records using MapListHandler class. We ll read available records in Employees Table as pst of maps.

Syntax

List<Map<String, Object>> result = queryRunner.query(conn, "SELECT * FROM employees", new MapListHandler());

Where,

resultHandler − MapListHandler object to map result sets to pst of maps.

queryRunner − QueryRunner object to read employee object from database.

To understand the above-mentioned concepts related to DBUtils, let us write an example which will run a read query. To write our example, let us create a sample apppcation.

Following is the content of the Employee.java.

pubpc class Employee {
   private int id;
   private int age;
   private String first;
   private String last;
   pubpc int getId() {
      return id;
   }
   pubpc void setId(int id) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   pubpc int getAge() {
      return age;
   }
   pubpc void setAge(int age) {
      this.age = age;
   }
   pubpc String getFirst() {
      return first;
   }
   pubpc void setFirst(String first) {
      this.first = first;
   }
   pubpc String getLast() {
      return last;
   }
   pubpc void setLast(String last) {
      this.last = last;
   }
}

Following is the content of the MainApp.java file.

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.DbUtils;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.MapListHandler;

pubpc class MainApp {
   // JDBC driver name and database URL
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";  
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/emp";

   //  Database credentials
   static final String USER = "root";
   static final String PASS = "admin";

   pubpc static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
      Connection conn = null;
      QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
      
      //Step 1: Register JDBC driver
      DbUtils.loadDriver(JDBC_DRIVER);

      //Step 2: Open a connection
      System.out.println("Connecting to database...");
      conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);        

      try {
         List<Map<String, Object>> result = queryRunner.query(
            conn, "SELECT * FROM employees", new MapListHandler());      
         System.out.println(result);
      } finally {
         DbUtils.close(conn);
      }        
   }
}

Once you are done creating the source files, let us run the apppcation. If everything is fine with your apppcation, it will print the following message.

Connecting to database...
[{id=100, age=18, first=Zara, last=Ap}, 
{id=101, age=25, first=Mahnaz, last=Fatma}, 
{id=102, age=30, first=Zaid, last=Khan}, 
{id=103, age=33, first=Sumit, last=Mittal}]

Apache Commons DBUtils - Custom Handler

We can create our own custom handler by implementing ResultSetHandler interface or by extending any of the existing implementation of ResultSetHandler. In the example given below, we ve created a Custom Handler, EmployeeHandler by extending BeanHandler class.

To understand the above-mentioned concepts related to DBUtils, let us write an example which will run a read query. To write our example, let us create a sample apppcation.

Following is the content of the Employee.java.

pubpc class Employee {
   private int id;
   private int age;
   private String first;
   private String last;
   private String name;
   pubpc int getId() {
      return id;
   }
   pubpc void setId(int id) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   pubpc int getAge() {
      return age;
   }
   pubpc void setAge(int age) {
      this.age = age;
   }
   pubpc String getFirst() {
      return first;
   }
   pubpc void setFirst(String first) {
      this.first = first;
   }
   pubpc String getLast() {
      return last;
   }
   pubpc void setLast(String last) {
      this.last = last;
   }
   pubpc String getName() {
      return name;
   }
   pubpc void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
   }
}

Following is the content of the EmployeeHandler.java file.

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;

pubpc class EmployeeHandler extends BeanHandler<Employee> {

   pubpc EmployeeHandler() {
      super(Employee.class);
   }

   @Override
   pubpc Employee handle(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {
      Employee employee = super.handle(rs);
      employee.setName(employee.getFirst() +", " + employee.getLast());
      return employee;
   }
}

Following is the content of the MainApp.java file.

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.DbUtils;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.ResultSetHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;

pubpc class MainApp {
   // JDBC driver name and database URL
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";  
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/emp";

   //  Database credentials
   static final String USER = "root";
   static final String PASS = "admin";

   pubpc static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
      Connection conn = null;
      QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
      DbUtils.loadDriver(JDBC_DRIVER);                 
      conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);        
      EmployeeHandler employeeHandler = new EmployeeHandler();

      try {
         Employee emp = queryRunner.query(conn,
         "SELECT * FROM employees WHERE first=?", employeeHandler, "Sumit");
         
         //Display values
         System.out.print("ID: " + emp.getId());
         System.out.print(", Age: " + emp.getAge());
         System.out.print(", Name: " + emp.getName());
      } finally {
         DbUtils.close(conn);
      }        
   }
}

Once you are done creating the source files, let us run the apppcation. If everything is fine with your apppcation, it will print the following message.

ID: 103, Age: 28, Name: Sumit, Mittal

Custom Row Processor

In case column names in a database table and equivalent javabean object names are not similar then we can map them by using customized BasicRowProcessor object. See the example below.

To understand the above-mentioned concepts related to DBUtils, let us write an example which will run a read query. To write our example, let us create a sample apppcation.

Following is the content of the Employee.java.

pubpc class Employee {
   private int id;
   private int age;
   private String first;
   private String last;
   private String name;
   pubpc int getId() {
      return id;
   }
   pubpc void setId(int id) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   pubpc int getAge() {
      return age;
   }
   pubpc void setAge(int age) {
      this.age = age;
   }
   pubpc String getFirst() {
      return first;
   }
   pubpc void setFirst(String first) {
      this.first = first;
   }
   pubpc String getLast() {
      return last;
   }
   pubpc void setLast(String last) {
      this.last = last;
   }
   pubpc String getName() {
      return name;
   }
   pubpc void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
   }
}

Following is the content of the EmployeeHandler.java file.

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.BeanProcessor;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.BasicRowProcessor;

pubpc class EmployeeHandler extends BeanHandler<Employee> {

   pubpc EmployeeHandler() {
      super(Employee.class, new BasicRowProcessor(new BeanProcessor(mapColumnsToFields())));
   }

   @Override
   pubpc Employee handle(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {
      Employee employee = super.handle(rs);
      employee.setName(employee.getFirst() +", " + employee.getLast());
      return employee;
   }
   
   pubpc static Map<String, String> mapColumnsToFields() {
      Map<String, String> columnsToFieldsMap = new HashMap<>();
      columnsToFieldsMap.put("ID", "id");
      columnsToFieldsMap.put("AGE", "age");        
      return columnsToFieldsMap;
   }
}

Following is the content of the MainApp.java file.

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.DbUtils;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;

pubpc class MainApp {
   // JDBC driver name and database URL
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";  
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/emp";

   //  Database credentials
   static final String USER = "root";
   static final String PASS = "admin";

   pubpc static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
      Connection conn = null;
      QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();      
      DbUtils.loadDriver(JDBC_DRIVER);                 
      conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);        
      EmployeeHandler employeeHandler = new EmployeeHandler();

      try {
         Employee emp = queryRunner.query(conn,
           "SELECT * FROM employees WHERE first=?", employeeHandler, "Sumit");
         
         //Display values
         System.out.print("ID: " + emp.getId());
         System.out.print(", Age: " + emp.getAge());
         System.out.print(", Name: " + emp.getName());
      } finally {
         DbUtils.close(conn);
      }              
   }
}

Once you are done creating the source files, let us run the apppcation. If everything is fine with your apppcation, it will print the following message.

ID: 103, Age: 28, Name: Sumit, Mittal

Apache Commons DBUtils - Using DataSource

So far, we ve using connection object while using QueryRunner. We can also use datasource seemlessly. The following example will demonstrate how to read a record using Read query with the help of QueryRunner and datasource. We ll read a record from Employees Table.

Syntax

QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner( dataSource );
Employee emp = queryRunner.query("SELECT * FROM employees WHERE first=?", resultHandler, "Sumit");

Where,

dataSource − DataSource object configured.

resultHandler − ResultSetHandler object to map result set to Employee object.

queryRunner − QueryRunner object to read employee object from database.

To understand the above-mentioned concepts related to DBUtils, let us write an example which will run a read query. To write our example, let us create a sample apppcation.

Following is the content of the Employee.java.

pubpc class Employee {
   private int id;
   private int age;
   private String first;
   private String last;
   pubpc int getId() {
      return id;
   }
   pubpc void setId(int id) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   pubpc int getAge() {
      return age;
   }
   pubpc void setAge(int age) {
      this.age = age;
   }
   pubpc String getFirst() {
      return first;
   }
   pubpc void setFirst(String first) {
      this.first = first;
   }
   pubpc String getLast() {
      return last;
   }
   pubpc void setLast(String last) {
      this.last = last;
   }
}

Following is the content of the CustomDatasource.java.

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource;

pubpc class CustomDataSource {
   // JDBC driver name and database URL
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";  
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/emp";
   
   //  Database credentials
   static final String USER = "root";
   static final String PASS = "admin";
   private static DataSource datasource;
   private static final BasicDataSource basicDataSource;

   static {
      basicDataSource = new BasicDataSource();
      basicDataSource.setDriverClassName(JDBC_DRIVER);
      basicDataSource.setUsername(USER);
      basicDataSource.setPassword(PASS);
      basicDataSource.setUrl(DB_URL);
   }

   pubpc static DataSource getInstance() {
      return basicDataSource;
   }
}

Following is the content of the MainApp.java file.

import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.ResultSetHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;

pubpc class MainApp {
   pubpc static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {    
      
      DbUtils.loadDriver(JDBC_DRIVER);
      QueryRunner run = new QueryRunner(CustomDataSource.getInstance());
      ResultSetHandler<Employee> resultHandler = new BeanHandler<Employee>(Employee.class);

      Employee emp = queryRunner.query("SELECT * FROM employees WHERE id=?",
         resultHandler, 103);
      
      //Display values
      System.out.print("ID: " + emp.getId());
      System.out.print(", Age: " + emp.getAge());
      System.out.print(", First: " + emp.getFirst());
      System.out.println(", Last: " + emp.getLast());
   }
}

Once you are done creating the source files, let us run the apppcation. If everything is fine with your apppcation, it will print the following message.

ID: 103, Age: 33, First: Sumit, Last: Mittal