Perl - Operators

+ ( Addition )

Adds values on either side of the operator

Example − $a + $b will give 30

- (Subtraction)

Subtracts right hand operand from left hand operand

Example − $a - $b will give -10

* (Multippcation)

Multippes values on either side of the operator

Example − $a * $b will give 200

/ (Division)

Divides left hand operand by right hand operand

Example − $b / $a will give 2

% (Modulus)

Divides left hand operand by right hand operand and returns remainder

Example − $b % $a will give 0

** (Exponent)

Performs exponential (power) calculation on operators

Example − $a**$b will give 10 to the power 20

== (equal to)

Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true.

Example − ($a == $b) is not true.

!= (not equal to)

Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true.

Example − ($a != $b) is true.

<=>

Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, and returns -1, 0, or 1 depending on whether the left argument is numerically less than, equal to, or greater than the right argument.

Example − ($a <=> $b) returns -1.

> (greater than)

Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.

Example − ($a > $b) is not true.

< (less than)

Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.

Example − ($a < $b) is true.

>= (greater than or equal to)

Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.

Example − ($a >= $b) is not true.

<= (less than or equal to)

Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.

Example − ($a <= $b) is true.

lt

Returns true if the left argument is stringwise less than the right argument.

Example − ($a lt $b) is true.

gt

Returns true if the left argument is stringwise greater than the right argument.

Example − ($a gt $b) is false.

le

Returns true if the left argument is stringwise less than or equal to the right argument.

Example − ($a le $b) is true.

ge

Returns true if the left argument is stringwise greater than or equal to the right argument.

Example − ($a ge $b) is false.

eq

Returns true if the left argument is stringwise equal to the right argument.

Example − ($a eq $b) is false.

ne

Returns true if the left argument is stringwise not equal to the right argument.

Example − ($a ne $b) is true.

cmp

Returns -1, 0, or 1 depending on whether the left argument is stringwise less than, equal to, or greater than the right argument.

Example − ($a cmp $b) is -1.

=

Simple assignment operator, Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand

Example − $c = $a + $b will assigned value of $a + $b into $c

+=

Add AND assignment operator, It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand

Example − $c += $a is equivalent to $c = $c + $a

-=

Subtract AND assignment operator, It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand

Example − $c -= $a is equivalent to $c = $c - $a

*=

Multiply AND assignment operator, It multippes right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand

Example − $c *= $a is equivalent to $c = $c * $a

/=

Divide AND assignment operator, It spanides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand

Example − $c /= $a is equivalent to $c = $c / $a

%=

Modulus AND assignment operator, It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand

Example − $c %= $a is equivalent to $c = $c % a

**=

Exponent AND assignment operator, Performs exponential (power) calculation on operators and assign value to the left operand

Example − $c **= $a is equivalent to $c = $c ** $a

&

Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.

Example − ($a & $b) will give 12 which is 0000 1100

|

Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in eather operand.

Example − ($a | $b) will give 61 which is 0011 1101

^

Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.

Example − ($a ^ $b) will give 49 which is 0011 0001

~

Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the efect of fppping bits.

Example − (~$a ) will give -61 which is 1100 0011 in 2 s complement form due to a signed binary number.

<<

Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.

Example − $a << 2 will give 240 which is 1111 0000

>>

Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.

Example − $a >> 2 will give 15 which is 0000 1111

and

Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are true then then condition becomes true.

Example − ($a and $b) is false.

&&

C-style Logical AND operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.

Example − ($a && $b) is false.

or

Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands are non zero then then condition becomes true.

Example − ($a or $b) is true.

||

C-style Logical OR operator copies a bit if it exists in eather operand.

Example − ($a || $b) is true.

not

Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator will make false.

Example − not($a and $b) is true.

q{ }

Encloses a string with-in single quotes

Example − q{abcd} gives abcd

qq{ }

Encloses a string with-in double quotes

Example − qq{abcd} gives "abcd"

qx{ }

Encloses a string with-in invert quotes

Example − qx{abcd} gives `abcd`

.

Binary operator dot (.) concatenates two strings.

Example − If $a = "abc", $b = "def" then $a.$b will give "abcdef"

x

The repetition operator x returns a string consisting of the left operand repeated the number of times specified by the right operand.

Example − ( - x 3) will give ---.

..

The range operator .. returns a pst of values counting (up by ones) from the left value to the right value

Example − (2..5) will give (2, 3, 4, 5)

++

Auto Increment operator increases integer value by one

Example − $a++ will give 11

--

Auto Decrement operator decreases integer value by one

Example − $a-- will give 9

->

The arrow operator is mostly used in dereferencing a method or variable from an object or a class name

Example − $obj->$a is an example to access variable $a from object $obj.