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MATLAB - Strings
  • 时间：2024-12-22

MATLAB - Strings

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Creating a character string is quite simple in MATLAB. In fact, we have used it many times. For example, you type the following in the command prompt −

my_string =  Tutorials Point

MATLAB will execute the above statement and return the following result −

my_string = Tutorials Point

MATLAB considers all variables as arrays, and strings are considered as character arrays. Let us use the whos command to check the variable created above −

whos

MATLAB will execute the above statement and return the following result −

Name           Size            Bytes  Class    Attributes
my_string      1x16               32  char

Interestingly, you can use numeric conversion functions pke uint8 or uint16 to convert the characters in the string to their numeric codes. The char function converts the integer vector back to characters −

Example

Create a script file and type the following code into it −

my_string =  Tutorial  s Point ;
str_ascii = uint8(my_string)        % 8-bit ascii values
str_back_to_char= char(str_ascii)  
str_16bit = uint16(my_string)       % 16-bit ascii values
str_back_to_char = char(str_16bit)

When you run the file, it displays the following result −

str_ascii =

   84  117  116  111  114  105   97  108   39  115   32   80  111  105  110  116

str_back_to_char = Tutorial s Point
str_16bit =

   84  117  116  111  114  105   97  108   39  115   32   80  111  105  110  116

str_back_to_char = Tutorial s Point

Rectangular Character Array

The strings we have discussed so far are one-dimensional character arrays; however, we need to store more than that. We need to store more dimensional textual data in our program. This is achieved by creating rectangular character arrays.

Simplest way of creating a rectangular character array is by concatenating two or more one-dimensional character arrays, either vertically or horizontally as required.

You can combine strings vertically in either of the following ways −

    Using the MATLAB concatenation operator [] and separating each row with a semicolon (;). Please note that in this method each row must contain the same number of characters. For strings with different lengths, you should pad with space characters as needed.

    Using the char function. If the strings are of different lengths, char pads the shorter strings with traipng blanks so that each row has the same number of characters.

Example

Create a script file and type the following code into it −

doc_profile = [ Zara Ap                              ; ...
                Sr. Surgeon                           ; ...
                R N Tagore Cardiology Research Center ]
doc_profile = char( Zara Ap ,  Sr. Surgeon , ...
                   RN Tagore Cardiology Research Center )

When you run the file, it displays the following result −

doc_profile =
Zara Ap                             
Sr. Surgeon                          
R N Tagore Cardiology Research Center
doc_profile =
Zara Ap                            
Sr. Surgeon                         
RN Tagore Cardiology Research Center

You can combine strings horizontally in either of the following ways −

    Using the MATLAB concatenation operator, [] and separating the input strings with a comma or a space. This method preserves any traipng spaces in the input arrays.

    Using the string concatenation function, strcat. This method removes traipng spaces in the inputs.

Example

Create a script file and type the following code into it −

name =      Zara Ap                              ;
position =  Sr. Surgeon                           ; 
worksAt =   R N Tagore Cardiology Research Center ;
profile = [name  ,   position  ,   worksAt]
profile = strcat(name,  ,  , position,  ,  , worksAt)

When you run the file, it displays the following result −

profile = Zara Ap      , Sr. Surgeon      , R N Tagore Cardiology Research Center
profile = Zara Ap,Sr. Surgeon,R N Tagore Cardiology Research Center

Combining Strings into a Cell Array

From our previous discussion, it is clear that combining strings with different lengths could be a pain as all strings in the array has to be of the same length. We have used blank spaces at the end of strings to equapze their length.

However, a more efficient way to combine the strings is to convert the resulting array into a cell array.

MATLAB cell array can hold different sizes and types of data in an array. Cell arrays provide a more flexible way to store strings of varying length.

The cellstr function converts a character array into a cell array of strings.

Example

Create a script file and type the following code into it −

name =      Zara Ap                              ;
position =  Sr. Surgeon                           ; 
worksAt =   R N Tagore Cardiology Research Center ;
profile = char(name, position, worksAt);
profile = cellstr(profile);
disp(profile)

When you run the file, it displays the following result −

{                                                                               
   [1,1] = Zara Ap                                                              
   [2,1] = Sr. Surgeon                                                           
   [3,1] = R N Tagore Cardiology Research Center                                 
}

String Functions in MATLAB

MATLAB provides numerous string functions creating, combining, parsing, comparing and manipulating strings.

Following table provides brief description of the string functions in MATLAB −

Function Purpose
Functions for storing text in character arrays, combine character arrays, etc.
blanks Create string of blank characters
cellstr Create cell array of strings from character array
char Convert to character array (string)
iscellstr Determine whether input is cell array of strings
ischar Determine whether item is character array
sprintf Format data into string
strcat Concatenate strings horizontally
strjoin Join strings in cell array into single string
Functions for identifying parts of strings, find and replace substrings
ischar Determine whether item is character array
isletter Array elements that are alphabetic letters
isspace Array elements that are space characters
isstrprop Determine whether string is of specified category
sscanf Read formatted data from string
strfind Find one string within another
strrep Find and replace substring
strsppt Sppt string at specified depmiter
strtok Selected parts of string
vapdatestring Check vapdity of text string
symvar Determine symbopc variables in expression
regexp Match regular expression (case sensitive)
regexpi Match regular expression (case insensitive)
regexprep Replace string using regular expression
regexptranslate Translate string into regular expression
Functions for string comparison
strcmp Compare strings (case sensitive)
strcmpi Compare strings (case insensitive)
strncmp Compare first n characters of strings (case sensitive)
strncmpi Compare first n characters of strings (case insensitive)
Functions for changing string to upper- or lowercase, creating or removing white space
deblank Strip traipng blanks from end of string
strtrim Remove leading and traipng white space from string
lower Convert string to lowercase
upper Convert string to uppercase
strjust Justify character array

Examples

The following examples illustrate some of the above-mentioned string functions −

Formatting Strings

Create a script file and type the following code into it −

A = pi*1000*ones(1,5);
sprintf(  %f 
 %.2f 
 %+.2f 
 %12.2f 
 %012.2f 
 , A)

When you run the file, it displays the following result −

ans =  3141.592654 
   3141.59 
   +3141.59 
      3141.59 
   000003141.59

Joining Strings

Create a script file and type the following code into it −

%cell array of strings
str_array = { red , blue , green ,  yellow ,  orange };

% Join strings in cell array into single string
str1 = strjoin(str_array, "-")
str2 = strjoin(str_array, ",")

When you run the file, it displays the following result −

str1 = red-blue-green-yellow-orange
str2 = red,blue,green,yellow,orange

Finding and Replacing Strings

Create a script file and type the following code into it −

students = { Zara Ap ,  Neha Bhatnagar , ...
             Monica Mapk ,  Madhu Gautam , ...
             Madhu Sharma ,  Bhawna Sharma ,...
             Nuha Ap ,  Reva Dutta , ...
             Sunaina Ap ,  Sofia Kabir };
 
% The strrep function searches and replaces sub-string.
new_student = strrep(students(8),  Reva ,  Poulomi )
% Display first names
first_names = strtok(students)

When you run the file, it displays the following result −

new_student = 
{
   [1,1] = Poulomi Dutta
}
first_names = 
{
   [1,1] = Zara
   [1,2] = Neha
   [1,3] = Monica
   [1,4] = Madhu
   [1,5] = Madhu
   [1,6] = Bhawna
   [1,7] = Nuha
   [1,8] = Reva
   [1,9] = Sunaina
   [1,10] = Sofia
}

Comparing Strings

Create a script file and type the following code into it −

str1 =  This is test 
str2 =  This is text 
if (strcmp(str1, str2))
   sprintf( %s and %s are equal , str1, str2)
else
   sprintf( %s and %s are not equal , str1, str2)
end

When you run the file, it displays the following result −

str1 = This is test
str2 = This is text
ans = This is test and This is text are not equal
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