F# Basic Tutorial
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F# - Operators
F# - Operators
An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical manipulations. F# is rich in built-in operators and provides the following types of operators −
Arithmetic Operators
Comparison Operators
Boolean Operators
Bitwise Operators
Arithmetic Operators
The following table shows all the arithmetic operators supported by F# language. Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20 then −
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| + | Adds two operands | A + B will give 30 |
| - | Subtracts second operand from the first | A - B will give -10 |
| * | Multippes both operands | A * B will give 200 |
| / | Divides numerator by de-numerator | B / A will give 2 |
| % | Modulus Operator and remainder of after an integer spanision | B % A will give 0 |
| ** | Exponentiation Operator, raises an operand to the power of another | B**A will give 2010 |
Comparison Operators
The following table shows all the comparison operators supported by F# language. These binary comparison operators are available for integral and floating-point types. These operators return values of type bool.
Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then −
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| = | Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true. | (A == B) is not true. |
| <> | Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true. | (A <> B) is true. |
| > | Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. | (A > B) is not true. |
| < | Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. | (A < B) is true. |
| >= | Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. | (A >= B) is not true. |
| <= | Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. | (A <= B) is true. |
Boolean Operators
The following table shows all the Boolean operators supported by F# language. Assume variable A holds true and variable B holds false, then −
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| && | Called Boolean AND operator. If both the operands are non-zero, then condition becomes true. | (A && B) is false. |
| || | Called Boolean OR Operator. If any of the two operands is non-zero, then condition becomes true. | (A || B) is true. |
| not | Called Boolean NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator will make false. | not (A && B) is true. |
Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operators work on bits and perform bit-by-bit operation. The truth tables for &&& (bitwise AND), ||| (bitwise OR), and ^^^ (bitwise exclusive OR) are as follows −
| p | q | p &&& q | p ||| q | p ^^^ q |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Assume if A = 60; and B = 13; now in binary format they will be as follows −
A = 0011 1100
B = 0000 1101
-----------------A&&&B = 0000 1100
A|||B = 0011 1101
A^^^B = 0011 0001
~~~A = 1100 0011
The Bitwise operators supported by F# language are psted in the following table. Assume variable A holds 60 and variable B holds 13, then −
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| &&& | Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands. | (A &&& B) will give 12, which is 0000 1100 |
| ||| | Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand. | (A ||| B) will give 61, which is 0011 1101 |
| ^^^ | Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both. | (A ^^^ B) will give 49, which is 0011 0001 |
| ~~~ | Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of fppping bits. | (~~~A) will give -61, which is 1100 0011 in 2 s complement form. |
| <<< | Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand. | A <<< 2 will give 240 which is 1111 0000 |
| >>> | Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand. | A >>> 2 will give 15 which is 0000 1111 |
Operators Precedence
The following table shows the order of precedence of operators and other expression keywords in the F# language, from lowest precedence to the highest precedence.
| Operator | Associativity |
|---|---|
| as | Right |
| when | Right |
| | (pipe) | Left |
| ; | Right |
| let | Non associative |
| function, fun, match, try | Non associative |
| if | Non associative |
| → | Right |
| := | Right |
| , | Non associative |
| or, || | Left |
| &, && | Left |
| < op, >op, =, |op, &op | Left |
| &&& , |||, ^^^, ~~~, <<<, >>> | Left |
| ^ op | Right |
| :: | Right |
| :?>, :? | Non associative |
| - op, +op, (binary) | Left |
| * op, /op, %op | Left |
| ** op | Right |
| f x (function apppcation) | Left |
| | (pattern match) | Right |
| prefix operators (+op, -op, %, %%, &, &&, !op, ~op) | Left |
| . | Left |
| f(x) | Left |
| f<types> | Left |