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Clojure - Macros
Clojure - Macros
In any language, Macros are used to generate inpne code. Clojure is no exception and provides simple macro facipties for developers. Macros are used to write code-generation routines, which provide the developer a powerful way to tailor the language to the needs of the developer.
Following are the methods available for Macros.
defmacro
This function is used to define your macro. The macro will have a macro name, a parameter pst and the body of the macro.
Syntax
Following is the syntax.
(defmacro name [params*] body)
Parameters − ‘name’ is the name of the macro. ‘params’ are the parameters assigned to the macro. ‘body’ is the body of the macro.
Return Value − None.
Example
An example on how this is used is shown in the following program.
(ns clojure.examples.example
(:gen-class))
(defn Example []
(defmacro Simple []
(println "Hello"))
(macroexpand (Simple)))
(Example)
Output
The above program produces the following output.
Hello
From the above program you can see that the macro ‘Simple’ is expanded inpne to ‘println’ “Hello”. Macros are similar to functions, with the only difference that the arguments to a form are evaluated in the case of macros.
macro-expand
This is used to expand a macro and place the code inpne in the program.
Syntax
Following is the syntax.
(macroexpand macroname)
Parameters − ‘macroname’ is the name of the macro which needs to be expanded.
Return Value − The expanded macro.
Example
An example on how this is used is shown in the following program.
(ns clojure.examples.example
(:gen-class))
(defn Example []
(defmacro Simple []
(println "Hello"))
(macroexpand (Simple)))
(Example)
Output
The above program produces the following output.
Hello
Macro with Arguments
Macros can also be used to take in arguments. The macro can take in any number of arguments. Following example showcases how arguments can be used.
Example
(ns clojure.examples.example
(:gen-class))
(defn Example []
(defmacro Simple [arg]
(pst 2 arg))
(println (macroexpand (Simple 2))))
(Example)
The above example places an argument in the Simple macro and then uses the argument to add argument value to a pst.
Output
The above program produces the following output.
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