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AngularJS - Views
  • 时间：2024-12-22

AngularJS - Views

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AngularJS supports Single Page Apppcation via multiple views on a single page. To do this, AngularJS has provided ng-view and ng-template directives, and $routeProvider services.

ng-view Directive

The ng-view directive simply creates a place holder where a corresponding view (HTML or ng-template view) can be placed based on the configuration.

Usage

Define a span with ng-view within the main module.

<span ng-app = "mainApp">
   ...
   <span ng-view></span>

</span>

ng-template Directive

The ng-template directive is used to create an HTML view using script tag. It contains id attribute which is used by $routeProvider to map a view with a controller.

Usage

Define a script block with type as ng-template within the main module.

<span ng-app = "mainApp">
   ...
	
   <script type = "text/ng-template" id = "addStudent.htm">
      <h2> Add Student </h2>
      {{message}}
   </script>

</span>

$routeProvider Service

The $routeProvider is a key service which sets the configuration of URLs, maps them with the corresponding HTML page or ng-template, and attaches a controller with the same.

Usage 1

Define a script block with type as ng-template within the main module.

<span ng-app = "mainApp"> 
   ... 
   <script type = "text/ng-template" id = "addStudent.htm"> 
      <h2> Add Student </h2> 
      {{message}} 
   </script>  
</span>

Usage 2

Define a script block with main module and set the routing configuration.

var mainApp = angular.module("mainApp", [ ngRoute ]);

mainApp.config([ $routeProvider , function($routeProvider) {
   $routeProvider
   
   .when( /addStudent , {
      templateUrl:  addStudent.htm , controller:  AddStudentController 
   })
   .when( /viewStudents , {
      templateUrl:  viewStudents.htm , controller:  ViewStudentsController 
   })
   .otherwise ({
      redirectTo:  /addStudent 
   });
	
}]);

The following points are important to be considered in the above example −

    $routeProvider is defined as a function under config of mainApp module using key as $routeProvider .

    $routeProvider.when defines a URL "/addStudent", which is mapped to "addStudent.htm". addStudent.htm should be present in the same path as main HTML page. If the HTML page is not defined, then ng-template needs to be used with id="addStudent.htm". We used ng-template.

    "otherwise" is used to set the default view.

    "controller" is used to set the corresponding controller for the view.

Example

The following example shows the use of all the above-mentioned directives.

testAngularJS.htm

<html>
   <head>
      <title>Angular JS Views</title>
      <script src = "https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/pbs/angularjs/1.3.14/angular.min.js"></script>
      <script src = "https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/pbs/angularjs/1.3.14/angular-route.min.js">
      </script>
   </head>
   
   <body>
      <h2>AngularJS Sample Apppcation</h2>
      <span ng-app = "mainApp">
         <p><a href = "#addStudent">Add Student</a></p>
         <p><a href = "#viewStudents">View Students</a></p>
         <span ng-view></span>
         
         <script type = "text/ng-template" id = "addStudent.htm">
            <h2> Add Student </h2>
            {{message}}
         </script>
         
         <script type = "text/ng-template" id = "viewStudents.htm">
            <h2> View Students </h2>
            {{message}}
         </script>
      </span>
      
      <script>
         var mainApp = angular.module("mainApp", [ ngRoute ]);
         mainApp.config([ $routeProvider , function($routeProvider) {
            $routeProvider
            
            .when( /addStudent , {
               templateUrl:  addStudent.htm ,
               controller:  AddStudentController 
            })
            .when( /viewStudents , {
               templateUrl:  viewStudents.htm ,
               controller:  ViewStudentsController 
            })
            .otherwise({
               redirectTo:  /addStudent 
            });
         }]);
         mainApp.controller( AddStudentController , function($scope) {
            $scope.message = "This page will be used to display add student form";
         });
         mainApp.controller( ViewStudentsController , function($scope) {
            $scope.message = "This page will be used to display all the students";
         });
      </script>
      
   </body>
</html>

Output

Open the file testAngularJS.htm in a web browser and see the result.