VB.Net - Variables

A variable is nothing but a name given to a storage area that our programs can manipulate. Each variable in VB.Net has a specific type, which determines the size and layout of the variable s memory; the range of values that can be stored within that memory; and the set of operations that can be appped to the variable.

We have already discussed various data types. The basic value types provided in VB.Net can be categorized as −

VB.Net also allows defining other value types of variable pke Enum and reference types of variables pke Class. We will discuss date types and Classes in subsequent chapters.

Variable Declaration in VB.Net

The Dim statement is used for variable declaration and storage allocation for one or more variables. The Dim statement is used at module, class, structure, procedure or block level.

Syntax for variable declaration in VB.Net is −

[ < attributepst > ] [ accessmodifier ] [[ Shared ] [ Shadows ] | [ Static ]]
[ ReadOnly ] Dim [ WithEvents ] variablepst

Where,

attributepst is a pst of attributes that apply to the variable. Optional.

accessmodifier defines the access levels of the variables, it has values as - Pubpc, Protected, Friend, Protected Friend and Private. Optional.

Shared declares a shared variable, which is not associated with any specific instance of a class or structure, rather available to all the instances of the class or structure. Optional.

Shadows indicate that the variable re-declares and hides an identically named element, or set of overloaded elements, in a base class. Optional.

Static indicates that the variable will retain its value, even when the after termination of the procedure in which it is declared. Optional.

ReadOnly means the variable can be read, but not written. Optional.

WithEvents specifies that the variable is used to respond to events raised by the instance assigned to the variable. Optional.

Variablepst provides the pst of variables declared.

Each variable in the variable pst has the following syntax and parts −

variablename[ ( [ boundspst ] ) ] [ As [ New ] datatype ] [ = initiapzer ]

Where,

variablename − is the name of the variable

boundspst − optional. It provides pst of bounds of each dimension of an array variable.

New − optional. It creates a new instance of the class when the Dim statement runs.

datatype − Required if Option Strict is On. It specifies the data type of the variable.

initiapzer − Optional if New is not specified. Expression that is evaluated and assigned to the variable when it is created.

Some vapd variable declarations along with their definition are shown here −

Dim StudentID As Integer
Dim StudentName As String
Dim Salary As Double
Dim count1, count2 As Integer
Dim status As Boolean
Dim exitButton As New System.Windows.Forms.Button
Dim lastTime, nextTime As Date

Variable Initiapzation in VB.Net

Variables are initiapzed (assigned a value) with an equal sign followed by a constant expression. The general form of initiapzation is −

variable_name = value;

for example,

Dim pi As Double
pi = 3.14159

You can initiapze a variable at the time of declaration as follows −

Dim StudentID As Integer = 100
Dim StudentName As String = "Bill Smith"

Example

Try the following example which makes use of various types of variables −

Module variablesNdataypes
   Sub Main()
      Dim a As Short
      Dim b As Integer
      Dim c As Double
      
      a = 10
      b = 20
      c = a + b
      Console.WriteLine("a = {0}, b = {1}, c = {2}", a, b, c)
      Console.ReadLine()
   End Sub
End Module

a = 10, b = 20, c = 30

Dim message As String
message = Console.ReadLine

Module variablesNdataypes
   Sub Main()
      Dim message As String
      Console.Write("Enter message: ")
      message = Console.ReadLine
      Console.WriteLine()
      Console.WriteLine("Your Message: {0}", message)
      Console.ReadLine()
   End Sub
End Module

Enter message: Hello World   
Your Message: Hello World

Dim g As Integer = 20

20 = g