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- F# - Mutable Dictionary
- F# - Mutable Lists
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- F# - Mutable Data
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F# - Mutable Data
Variables in F# are immutable, which means once a variable is bound to a value, it can’t be changed. They are actually compiled as static read-only properties.
The following example demonstrates this.
Example
let x = 10 let y = 20 let z = x + y printfn "x: %i" x printfn "y: %i" y printfn "z: %i" z let x = 15 let y = 20 let z = x + y printfn "x: %i" x printfn "y: %i" y printfn "z: %i" z
When you compile and execute the program, it shows the following error message −
Duppcate definition of value x Duppcate definition of value Y Duppcate definition of value Z
Mutable Variables
At times you need to change the values stored in a variable. To specify that there could be a change in the value of a declared and assigned variable in later part of a program, F# provides the mutable keyword. You can declare and assign mutable variables using this keyword, whose values you will change.
The mutable keyword allows you to declare and assign values in a mutable variable.
You can assign some initial value to a mutable variable using the let keyword. However, to assign new subsequent value to it, you need to use the <- operator.
For example,
let mutable x = 10 x <- 15
The following example will clear the concept −
Example
let mutable x = 10 let y = 20 let mutable z = x + y printfn "Original Values:" printfn "x: %i" x printfn "y: %i" y printfn "z: %i" z printfn "Let us change the value of x" printfn "Value of z will change too." x <- 15 z <- x + y printfn "New Values:" printfn "x: %i" x printfn "y: %i" y printfn "z: %i" z
When you compile and execute the program, it yields the following output −
Original Values: x: 10 y: 20 z: 30 Let us change the value of x Value of z will change too. New Values: x: 15 y: 20 z: 35
Uses of Mutable Data
Mutable data is often required and used in data processing, particularly with record data structure. The following example demonstrates this −
open System type studentData = { ID : int; mutable IsRegistered : bool; mutable RegisteredText : string; } let getStudent id = { ID = id; IsRegistered = false; RegisteredText = null; } let registerStudents (students : studentData pst) = students |> List.iter(fun st -> st.IsRegistered <- true st.RegisteredText <- sprintf "Registered %s" (DateTime.Now.ToString("hh:mm:ss")) Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000) (* Putting thread to sleep for 1 second to simulate processing overhead. *)) let printData (students : studentData pst) = students |> List.iter (fun x -> printfn "%A" x) let main() = let students = List.init 3 getStudent printfn "Before Process:" printData students printfn "After process:" registerStudents students printData students Console.ReadKey(true) |> ignore main()
When you compile and execute the program, it yields the following output −
Before Process: {ID = 0; IsRegistered = false; RegisteredText = null;} {ID = 1; IsRegistered = false; RegisteredText = null;} {ID = 2; IsRegistered = false; RegisteredText = null;} After process: {ID = 0; IsRegistered = true; RegisteredText = "Registered 05:39:15";} {ID = 1; IsRegistered = true; RegisteredText = "Registered 05:39:16";} {ID = 2; IsRegistered = true; RegisteredText = "Registered 05:39:17";}Advertisements